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Med310A > Pregnancy And Paturition > Flashcards

Pregnancy And Paturition Flashcards

1
Q

The endometrium is maintained in the secretory phase by ___ and ___ secreted by the corpus luteum following ovulation

A

Estrogen
Progesterone

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2
Q

The endometrium is maintained in the secretory phase by estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ______following ovulation

A

Corpus luteum

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3
Q

The endometrium is maintained in the secretory phase by estrogen and progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum following ______

A

Ovulation

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4
Q

Mitosis of of zygote begins when zygote is retained in the ____

A

Oviduct/ Fallopian tube

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5
Q

The_______ is the form the early embryo takes BEFORE implanting into the endometrium

A

Blastocyst

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6
Q

The last step before the embryo can attach to the endometrium is called ______ where the blastocyst breaks out of the zone pellucida

A

Hatching

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7
Q

The last step before the embryo can attach to the endometrium is called hatching where the blastocyst breaks out of the ______

A

Zone pellucida

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8
Q

Uterine _____ takes place about 6-7 days following fertilization

A

Implantation

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9
Q

A _________ is when an embryo implants anywhere besides the uterus and therefore cannot be carried to term

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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10
Q

The trophoblast layer enzymatically invades the endometrium to release ____ and begins the process of ____ development

A

Nutrients
Placenta

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11
Q

The __________ layer enzymatically invades the endometrium(decidua) to release nutrients and begins the process of placenta development

A

Trophoblast

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12
Q

The trophoblast cells secrete a hormone _____, known as the pregnancy hormone at high concentration

A

HCG
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

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13
Q

____ is secreted in the urine = basis for the early pregnancy test

A

HCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin

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14
Q

HCG. Production is necessary to prevent _____ and to support early stages of ______

A

Menstruation
Pregnancy

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15
Q

____ production is necessary to prevent menstruation and to support the early stages of pregnancy

A

HCG

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16
Q

____ sustains hormone production of the corpus luteum before fetus and placenta take over estrogen and progesterone production

A

HCG

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17
Q

HCG binds to __ receptors of the ____ cells in embryonic testis to stimulate testosterone production

A

LH
Leydig

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18
Q

HCG binds to LH receptors of the leydig cells in embryonic testis to stimulate______ production

A

testosterone

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19
Q

The human gestation period is __ weeks

A

38

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20
Q

Organ systems and human form are established by ___ weeks of development (embryo to fetal)

A

8

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21
Q

The human fetus develops within the _____

A

Amniotic sac

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22
Q

The ____ is a fetal membrane developed form extra embryonic tissues

A

Amnion

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23
Q

The amnion grows with the fetus eventually filling the _____

A

Uterine cavity

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24
Q

The amnion is filled with ______

A

Amniotic fluid

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25
The amnion is filled with amniotic fluid and is ___ and ____ by the fetus
Swallowed and urinated
26
_____ in the amnion is swallowed and urinated by the fetus
Amniotic fluid
27
How does the amnion support the fetus ?
Buoyancy Protect against infection Temperature control
28
The ______ contains blood vessels that transport blood between fetus and placenta
Umbilical cord
29
The umbilical contains _____ that transport blood between fetus and placenta
Blood vessels
30
The umbilical cord contains blood vessels that transport ___ between fetus and placenta
Blood
31
________ carries oxygenated blog and nutrients from placenta to fetus
Umbilical vein
32
_____ carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from fetus to placenta
Umbilical arteries
33
How many : Umbilical veins? Umbilical arteries ?
1 2
34
The nature _____ supports gas, nutrient and waste exchange between fetal and maternal blood
Placenta
35
Outside of the amnion is the _____; which has moth and follows surfaces
Chorionic membrane
36
The chorionic membrane has many many villi clusters called _____
Cotyledons
37
______ of the placenta provide a massive surface area for metabolic exchange
Chorionic villi
38
Chorionic villi are efficient for ____
Metabolic exchange
39
What structure is important for anchoring the placenta to the uterine lining
Chorionic villi
40
What is exchanged at the placenta ?
Waste removal Oxygen in CO2 out Nutrient delivery
41
Functions of the placenta (non exchange)
Hormone production Anchorage Immunity
42
This hormone stimulates growth of the myometrium increasing uterine strength for parturition , helps prepare mammary glands for lactation
Estrogen
43
This hormone suppresses uterine contraction to provide quiet environment for fetus
Progesterone
44
this hormone maintains the corpus luteum of pregnancy , stimulates secretion of testosterone by developing testes in XY embryos
HCG
45
This hormone softens cervix in preparation for cervical dilation at parturition
Relaxin
46
The placenta produces ____ directly and ___ indirectly from the fetal androgens (DHEA)
Progesterone Estrogen
47
The placenta itself can convert _____ into progesterone but lacks some of the enzymes necessary to convert that into estrogen
Cholesterol
48
The placenta can convert ___ derived from cholesterol in fetal adrenal cortex not estrogen when it reaches the placenta by means of fetal blood
DHEA
49
High concentration of ____ and ____ maintain pregnancy and support fetus
Estrogen and progesterone
50
_______ - stimulates growth of the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus that will contract to deliver the fetus - promotes duct development in the breasts to support lactation after baby is born
Estrogen
51
_______ - prevents premature myometrium, contraction - promotes mucous plug at cervix to exclude contaminants - stimulates development of the milk producing glands of breast
Progesterone
52
Maternal changes with pregnancy : _____ enlargement coordinated with fetal growth
Uterine
53
Maternal changes with pregnancy : Breast prepare for milk production ; ___ and ____ growth
Duct and gland
54
Maternal changes with pregnancy : Blood ____ increased by 30% while blood ____ is reduced
Volume Pressure
55
Maternal changes with pregnancy : respiratory activity ____ by 20%
Increased
56
Maternal changes with pregnancy : ___ outout increases to manage excretion of maternal/fetal wastes
Urine
57
Maternal changes with pregnancy : Metabolic changes to shunt ____ and ___ to developing fetus
Glucose and fatty acids
58
______= the process of delivering a baby and the placenta
Parturition
59
The body prepares for parturition in the late stages of _____
Gestation
60
What happens for the body to prepare for parturition in late stages of gestation ?(3)
- milked contractions -relaxin for cervix to soften - fetus shifts down
61
Prior to birth the baby drops towards the cervix (also called _____)
Lightening
62
_____________= myometrium responsiveness (contractions and greater number of oxytocin receptors) along with cervical softening
Coordinated fetal preparedness
63
_______ = high CRH , high estrogen, inflammatory response
Onset Triggers
64
_______ for precession to delivery= uterine contractions leading to cervical stretch and increased oxytocin secretion plus prostaglandin secretion
Positive feedback
65
Describe coordinated fetal preparedness for parturition
Contractions and increase number of oxytocin receptors and cervical softening
66
Describe onset triggers for parturition
High CRH and estrogen Inflammatory response
67
Describe positive feedback look for progression to delivery
Uterine contractions = cervical stretch = increased oxytocin +prostaglandin secretion
68
What happens to estrogen and progesterone when delivery of baby occurs ?
Both concentrations decline rapidly
69
What are The 3 stages of labour
1. Cervical dilation 2. Delivery of baby 3. Delivery of placenta
70
Over several weeks following birth the uterus will shrink to pre-pregnancy size, a process called ______
Uterine involution
71
Why does uterine involution take place ?
Estrogen and progesterone drop rapidly
72
What causes certain mothers over others to have a more rapid involution process and why
Breast feed ; oxytocin release helps contract myometrium,
73
Mother that breastfeed have a more rapid _____ process since ____ release through breastfeeding cycles help contract the myometrium
Involution Oxytocin
74
Average Canadian rate of pre term birth is __ %
8
75
____ twins are always the same genetic sex
Identical
76
_____ twins can be the same genetic sex or different
Fraternal
77
Dizygotic twinning is the same as ____ twinning
Fraternal
78
Monozygotic twinning is the same as _____ twinning
Identical
79
2 oocytes fertilized by 2 spermatozoa and the 2 blastocysts implant separately, each fetus has its own amnion and chorion (placenta) this is known as ______
Fraternal twinning
80
_____ twinning can occur by early, middle, late or very late embryo division
Monozygotic
81
Monozygotic twinning when 2 blastocysts implant (dichorionic/diamiotic membranes ) is known as _____ embryo division
Early
82
Monozygotic twinning when 1 pre-implantation blastocyst and 2 ICM’s implant (monochorionic/diamiotic membranes ) is known as _____ embryo division
Middle
83
Monozygotic twinning when post-implantation split of ICM implant (monochorionic/monoamiotic membranes ) is known as _____ embryo division
Late
84
Monozygotic twinning when ICM’s may not split (monochorionic/monoamiotic membranes ) produces _____
Conjoined twins

Med310A (29 decks)

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