The Crusades Points Test 7: The Third Crusade Flashcards
Which three primary European leaders pledged to lead the 3rd crusade?
Philip Augustus of France
Richard I of England (the Lionheart)
Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa of the HRE
Who issued the Audita Tremendi in October 1187, a call to regain Jerusalem?
Pope Gregory VIII.
What two particular consequences of the battle of Hattin did the Audita Tremendi lament, other than the fall of the KOJ?
Loss of piece of true cross.
Execution of all Templars/Hospitallers.
When did the two most effective crusading armies arrive in the Eastern Mediterranean?
Late spring of 1191-over three and a half years after Hattin.
Who led the successful resistance at Tyre from August 1187, which deprived Saladin of the opportunity of destroying the KOJ in its entirety?
Conrad of Montferrat.
How large was Fredrick Barbarossa’s army at the start of his march, the most powerful Crusader leader? Hint-comparison to standing army of KOJ at its height…
15,000, 3,000 knights
Which city did Barbarossa take in Anatolia (17th May 1190), as part of a very successful march through to Syria?
Iconium.
Where did Fredrick Barbarossa either drown/suffer a heart attack/both on 10th June 1190?
Silifke, southern Cicilia.
Who led the rest of the German Crusade to Acre, before himself dying of sickness in Jan 1191 which tore through the ranks of the German forces?
Fredrick of Swabia, son of Fredrick Barbarossa.
What did Conrad of Montferrat send to Europe to encourage western participation in the crusade? Any for 1 mark.
Banner depicting Saladin’s brutalities at Hattin/Refugees from holy land telling stories of Muslim invasion.
Whose death in July 1189 had reignited conflict between the Capetians and Angevins, delaying the 3rd crusade contributions they had pledged?
Henry II.
What tax did Richard continue which his father had started, to raise money for the crusade? Philip raised this tax too, but was then forced by his nobility to drop it, and apologise for introducing it in the first place.
The Saladin Tithe.
Why did Richard decide to go by sea? 1 for 1 mark.
Prevented poor/non-combatants from coming.
Avoided grim Anatolian marching.
Who was it who reported that to finance the crusade, Richard “put up for sale all he had, offices, lordships, earldoms, sheriffdoms, castles, towns, lands, everything”.
Roger of Howden.
Give three points to show the extensive preparations Richard made for the crusade.
100 ships hired/bought.
1190 alone, 60,000 horseshoes bought.
14,000 cured pig carcasses delivered to army.
Who faced both taillage/heavy payment and persecution during the course of raising funds for the crusade in England, especially at York, Stamford and King’s Lynn?
Jewish people.
How many troops did Richard have with him by the time he reached Sicily in April 1191?
17,000.
- By April 1191, how many troops did Philip have?
650 knights, 1,300 squires, footsoldiers, and a Genoese fleet to transport his forces.
Who, recently released by Saladin (June 1188), had initiated the Siege of Acre and thus provided the focal point/bridgehead for a 3rd crusade?
Guy de Luisignan.
What was Conrad, who had prevented Guy from taking Tyre in 1189, forced to do a year later?
Accept him as king.
