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A-Level History > Stuart Britain Points Test 5- The Protectorate > Flashcards

Stuart Britain Points Test 5- The Protectorate Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is very difficult to assess Cromwell’s political beliefs/motives?

A

He never made these clear/often not present at major events, though may have had a hand in them.

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2
Q

What action did Cromwell do when addressing barebones parliament in 1653, that makes many believe he was a man of great passion and conviction?

A

Cried!

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3
Q

How did Cromwell have what Blair Worden describe as ‘ideological schizophrenia’, that may explain his seemingly inconsistent behaviour?

A

Religious radical, political conservative.

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4
Q

Who did Cromwell seek to restore in 1649 to parliament, after they had been kicked out of the army?

A

MPs excluded from rump.

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5
Q

What was Cromwell’s mantra for promoting harmony in aftermath of regicide?

A

‘Healing and Settling’.

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6
Q

What was Cromwell’s idea of religious toleration?

A

Maintenance of Protestant Unity within a national church.

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7
Q

Who drafted the ‘Instrument of Government’?

A

John Lambert.

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8
Q

How regularly would single-chamber parliaments representing England, Ireland and Scotland to be called under the provisions of the Instrument of Government?

A

Triennially.

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9
Q

Who alone wouldn’t be tolerated in terms of Christianity under the protectorate?

A

Catholics/religious radicals threatening peace.

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10
Q

Who did the Lord Protector share executive power with?

A

Council, elected by parliament (as Protector was).

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11
Q

What could Protector and council issue when parliament not in session?

A

Ordinances.

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12
Q

How did Cromwell complain that the rules of the Instrument of Government constrained him?

A

“Like a child in swaddling clothes”.

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13
Q

How membership of council chosen to reassure conservative opinion?

A

8/15 civilians, only 3 soldiers (Lambert, Fleetwood and Desborough).

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14
Q

What did Protectorate abolish in earliest act?

A

Oath of engagement.

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15
Q

What had caused financial hardship from 1646-1650 due to its failure?

A

Harvest.

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16
Q

What was carried out more efficiently than ever before under the protectorate, bringing local relief to the poorest in England?

A

Administration of Poor Law.

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17
Q

Who did Cromwell make peace with in 1654?

A

Dutch.

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18
Q

Whom did Cromwell ally with against Spain, who were supporting the Stuarts?

A

French.

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19
Q

What was the Western Design?

A

Attempt to break into/take Spanish Caribbean.

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20
Q

Which island was taken in 1655, one of the few successes of the Western Design?

A

Jamaica.

21
Q

Who reorganised the English Navy at this time, helping hold the Dutch to a stalemate and helping make 77 ships of the line?

A

Admiral Robert Blake.

22
Q

Which university did Cromwell set up?

A

Durham.

23
Q

What did Cromwell only keep a minimum control of in terms of religion?

A

State control of religion.

24
Q

Give any measure of religious legislation that Cromwell made?

A

Commissions of ejectors August 1654 to expel unfit ministers/March 1654 general commission of triers in London to approve appointment of all ministers.

25
Q

Who did Cromwell readmit into England?

A

Jews.

26
Q

Between pleasing which two groups did Cromwell’s policies and goals often founder?

A

Parliament/Political Nation and Army.

27
Q

In what was Cromwell offered the crown in 1657?

A

The Humble petition and advice.

28
Q

How long did first Protectorate Parliament last?

A

5 Months (September 1654-22nd January 1655).

29
Q

What in particular had the First Protectorate Parliament refused to give, which so irritated Cromwell?

A

More religious tolerance to Protestants.

30
Q

What rising in Wiltshire in May 1655 heralded the reign of the Major-Generals?

A

Penruddock uprising.

31
Q

How much was the decimation tax, aimed at former royalists?

A

1/10th of persons worth over £100 per year in lands and £1,500 per year in goods.

32
Q

What news of defeat may have motivated Cromwell to introduce the rule of major-generals, to escalate a godlier attitude?

A

Defeat of Western Expeditionary Force at San Domingo on 24th July 1653.

33
Q

Who in particular loathed the rule of the major-generals?

A

The localities.

34
Q

In election to Parliament in August 1656, how did the localities demonstrate their opposition to the Major-Generals?

A

Returned few Pro-Cromwellian MPs.

35
Q

Which legal case ended the harmony of the Second Protectorate Parliament, due to the harshness of the punishment, in Winter of 1656=1657?

A

Case of James Nayler.

36
Q

Who was Cromwell to be advised by under terms of Humble Petition and Advice?

A

Privy council.

37
Q

What was created by the Humble Petition and Advice, in terms of governmental bodies?

A

A new Upper House, 40-70 men appointed by Cromwell and approved by Commons.

38
Q

How much was financial support to army cut by in 1657, having been £60,000 a month 1654-1657 and £120,000 a month 1653-1654?

A

£35,000 a month.

39
Q

What two reasons may Cromwell have refused the crown?

A

Fear of the army.

Fear of God’s judgement.

40
Q

What ancient city in the bible did Cromwell refer to, in refusing the Crown?

A

Jericho.

41
Q

When did Cromwell die?

A

3rd September 1658.

42
Q

Who inherited the position of Protector?

A

Richard, Cromwell’s son.

43
Q

What did Army force Richard to do on 21st April 1659? (1)

A

Dissolve parliament.

44
Q

What did the army help return in 7th May 1659?

A

Rump!

45
Q

How long did Rump rule for during this first period after Cromwell’s death?

A

May-October 1659.

46
Q

How did army rule between October and December 1659?

A

Committee of Safety of army, ruling as interim government.

47
Q

How long did Rump rule for in 2nd attempt?

A

December 1659 and March 1660.

48
Q

What, under Monck’s protection, did return of ‘Long Parliament’ MPs of 1648 lead to?

A

Recall of Stuarts, by ordering of convention parliament.

49
Q

When did Republic finally collapse?

A

April 1660.

A-Level History (54 decks)

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