Stuart Britain Points Test 3 - Post-War Divisions between Army and Parliament and failure to secure post-war Settlement, and the Regicide. Flashcards
When was Charles executed, date month and year?
30th January 1649.
What two major groups dominated Parliament and disagreed strongly on how to negotiate with the king, in the aftermath of the 1st Civil War?
- Independents.
- Presbyterians. (both groups referred to by Coward with prefix ‘Political’, as their primary differences with each other were political, not religious).
Who was Denzil Holles?
Leader of (Political) Presbyterian faction in parliament at this time.
What religious guarantee had been given to the Scots as part of the ‘Solemn League and Covenant” made with Parliament in? A clue-one of the factions in parliament supported the Scots in this.
That Scottish Church/Kirk system of government would be established in England, i.e. Presbyterianism.
How much were the New Model Army owed from 1642-1647, according to Morrill? Bonus mark for what it would be worth today… (1 +1 bonus)
- £601,000
* Bonus-£2.8 million.
When was Parliamentary Approval given for the abolition of the Common Book of Prayer?
January 1645.
Which group was supported by the Scots to promote a kirk system of governance (i.e. church control, not state), to the annoyance of most English MPs?
Westminster Assembly of Divines.
Why was Oliver Cromwell annoyed at religious intolerance amongst Protestants (even, to extent, among Christians).
Because he believed that if men wanted tolerance for themselves, they had to be willing to provide this for other men too.
What was the first attempt at a post-war negotiation offer to the king from Parliament called?
The Newcastle Propositions.
When were the Newcastle Propositions sent to the king?
January 1646.
Where did the Presbyterians want to send some of the New Model Army in 1646-1647, after demobilising most of them (without a clear indemnity/full payment of arrears?)
Ireland, to crush catholic rebels and royalists.
What did Charles, dishonestly, commit to with Parliament in terms of measures that would please the Scots on religious matters?
Would concede/allow dominance of Presbyterianism for 3 years.
What event gave the New Model Army more of a say in negotiations with the king, wholly without precedent or constitutional legality, and to the anger of some in parliament?
The capture of Charles I by the army (Cornet Joyce) 2nd June 1647.
What did the army refuse to do until its demands were met, on 5th June 1647, in its pamphlet ‘A Solemn Engagement’?
Disband
Who led the NMA’s negotiations with Charles I, eventually presented to Charles in July 1647 under the title ‘The Heads of the Proposals.’? (Clue-Cromwell’s Son-in-law).
Henry Ireton.
Which radical group began stirring discontent within the army towards Parliamentary negotiations from 1646 on?
The Levellers.
What were the name of the internal army discussions about what should be negotiated with the king, which also touched on ideas for a radically reconfigured (even more democratic) constitution? A clue: here, Rainsborough famously said his statement concerning equality, and Ireton was terrified at the threat radical proposals made to property.
The Putney Debates.
From 6th-8th August, how did the NMA take essential control of the negotiations with the king, and ensure that their enemies in parliament could not interfere?
Marched on and occupied London.
What was the name of the removal of MPs opposed to the army/their intended settlement with the king?
Pride’s Purge.
What was the name of the last offers sent to Charles I by parliament in December 1647, except that he’d already fled Hampton Court to the Scots by this time?
Four bills.
What passed in January 1648, by both Lords and Commons, to say that no further negotiations with king would take place?
Vote of No Address.
However, what was the majority view of the country towards the question of the Monarchy in 1648?
Wanted to keep it!
At what prayer session was Charles I called ‘a man of blood’ by Thomas Harrison and other army leaders, based on a passage of the bible (“Numbers 35:33”) on 29th April 1649?
Windsor House Prayer Meeting.
How many, out of 135 commissioners chosen by the ‘rump’ parliament, actually attended the trial (the rest refused to participate or stayed away)?
68.
