Stuart Britain Points Test 2 - Origins of the Civil War Flashcards
What was the hostile label given to the Personal rule?
The Eleven Year’s Tyranny.
Who was Charles’ Lord Treasurer at the start of the Personal Rule in 1629?
Richard Weston.
What measures Weston take to repair royalist finances in the Personal Rule? Give five points.
- First attempt since Cranfield (under James) to reform royal spending departments.
- 1629-1633 navy, ordinance and royal household departments investigated.
- Increased royalist revenue: customs duties became vital revenue in 1630s.
- Increased recusancy fines for Catholics, from £5,300 p.a. to £26 866 p.a.
- Almost full amount of ship money in 1634 collected.
Many nobles fined as their lands were violating enclosure laws, forest courts revived to fine estates that encroached illegally on royal forests.
Many nobles fined as their lands were violating enclosure laws, forest courts revived to fine estates that encroached illegally on royal forests.
How far were wardship fines increased under the Personal Rule?
X3
Why was there increased anger at Ship Money Tax in mid-1630s? Give three points.
Ship money became a permanent land tax.
Heavier burden than tax subsidy, as more people than select rich saw their taxes rise.
No danger of attack or invasion in mid-1630s.
How many judges (/12) decided against the Crown at John Hampden’s 1638 trial, concerning the opposition to paying Ship Money?
5
What percentage of the Ship Money tax was paid between 1634-1638 (which makes it difficult for Coward to estimate level of opposition)?
90%
What was the purpose of the ‘Book of Orders’ in 1630 and 1631?
To enforce law and order, set out duties of all local law enforcement (JPs, sheriffs), a reform of local government.
What successes did the ‘Book of Orders’ have?
Give four points.
Alleviated worst affects of 1629-1630 economic crises
Helped regularise meetings of petty sessions
Helped procedures for licencing alehouses
Helped apprenticing poor children.
Why did Caroline/Charles’ efforts to reform the militia fail? Give two points.
- Lord Lieutenants and their deputies, from 1604, derived authority directly from crown-were thus viewed with suspicion and their actions questioned in terms of legality.
- Forced billeting, during wars of 1620s, made militia deeply unpopular.
Why Laudians hated by most protestants? Give three points.
- Doctrine of free will/God’s grace open to all seemed to be attack on belief of predestination, held by most Protestants.
- Laudian highlighting of sacramental/ceremonial aspects and vicar’s role was against emphasis on scripture from recent protestant practice.
- Some Laudians (not all) claimed existence of bishops depended on divine right.
Why were religious measures under Personal Rule, especially the moving of the alter to east end of church, so controversial in terms of the manner of their introduction?
No effort to explain or persuade people-measures simply enforced.
What was reissued in 1633, and when/by whom had it been first issued?
Book of Sports, first issued by James in 1618.
Who did the abolishment of the Feoffees for Impropriations annoy, and why?
Group of Puritan London merchants/landowners founded in 1625, who had bought livings for puritan preachers.
Which three puritans did the Star chamber savagely punish in 1637 for anti-episcopal pamphleteering, which only served to undermine Calvinist episcopalianism?
Prynne, Burton and Bastwick.
Why is the idea of Henrietta Maria as a pro-Spanish faction leader at court mistaken?
She actually patronised an anti-Spanish faction with prominent Protestants in it (e.g. Earl of Northumberland), a proud French Princess!
What event had changed the relationship between Charles I and Henrietta Maria, that made Charles rely upon his wife much more?
Assassination of Duke of Buckingham.
How did Wentworth cause resentment in Ireland to royalist policy? Give three points.
- After Irish parliament gave three subsidies, no ‘graces’ offered despite being promised.
- Encroached on native Irish and Old English landowners.
- Ecclesiastical reforms offended many protestants, Laudianism.
What two major religious impositions had James successfully achieved in Scotland prior to the PR? (2 marks)
- Promotion of 5 articles of Perth.
* Promotion of Episcopacy.
What introduced in 1633, to Scottish Presbyterian fury?
The Common Book of Prayer.
On 23rd July 1637, where did Jenny Geddes famously start a riot against the reforms?
St Giles’ Cathedral, Edinburgh.
What did Scots create in February 1638 to organise resistance to Charles’ religious reforms?
The National Covenant.
Why did Charles fail to bring the scots to heel? Give three points.
- No enthusiasm for war in England-more sympathetic with scots (some Lords secretly co-operating)
- Scottish army strong.
- English forces weak and unpayable-no cash.
When did Short parliament meet?
13th April 1640.
When was the Short Parliament cancelled?
May 1640.
What city did the Scots occupy in August 1640?
Newcastle.
How much did Charles have to pay the Scots, a day, in the Treaty of Ripon?
£300.
