The Crusades Points Test 3 - The Establishment of the Crusader States, 1099-1144 Flashcards
What did Papal letters threaten to those who had sworn to join the 1st Crusade, who hasn’t fulfilled their vows by 1099?
Excommunication.
When did the first major expedition at supporting the fledgling crusader states take place?
1101.
Which leader had infamously fled Antioch, to the horror of his wide Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror?
Stephen of Blois.
Which battle did he lose his life at in May 1102, fighting with crusader forces in Egypt, finally fulfilling his oath?
Ramla.
Which 3 cities alone did Baldwin I hold at the start of his reign?
Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Jaffa.
Which leader of Antioch was actually captured by the Danishmends at this time, further increasing the jeopardy of the fledging crusader states, in July 1100?
Bohemond of Taranto/Antioch.
Which Italian city state provided vital maritime support in Baldwin I’s capture of Caesarea in May 1101?
Genoa.
Who was captured at the battle of Harran in May 1104 by Muslim forces?
Count Baldwin of Edessa.
What percentage of the Principality of Antioch was actually lost due to this battle?
60%.
Who did Bohemond of Taranto, after returning to Europe in 1106, marry to cement his authority to rally a crusade?
Princess Constance of France, daughter of Philip I.
Where was Bohemond’s crusade directed?
Byzantine lands/Durazzo.
What treaty marked this crusade’s defeat in 1108?
Treaty of Devol.
Who controlled Antioch, and preserved the principality?
Tancred of Lecce, Bohemond’s nephew.
In 1111, how did Muslim delegation from Aleppo protest in Baghdad at the lack of aid given in fight against Crusaders?
Drove preacher from pulpit in Mosque (Minabar) and broke it in pieces, preventing congregation from praying.
Did same to Caliph’s mosque in following Friday.
Which famous preacher in 1105 in Damascus criticised the Muslim world for failing to engage in Jihad?
Al-Sulami.
Which two religious Muslim works expressly mention Jihad as a duty of Muslims?
Quar’an and Hadith.
Which two elements are a part of Jihad?
Jihad al-Akbar (struggle within oneself)
Jihad al-Asghar (Defence and extension of House of Islam, Dar-al-Islam).
What was the Islamic name for all lands outside of Muslim governance in the early 12th century?
Dar al-harb (The House of War).
How many scholars/people attended the sermon?
Three or Four Scholars.
What strange 1114 alliance helped stave off expansion of Seljuks in Syria?
Antioch/Damascus/Mardin under Il-Ghazi.
When did Acre fall to KOJ?
1109.
When was County of Tripoli formed?
1109.
Where did Baldwin I build castle of Montreál in 1115?
Transjordan.
When did Baldwin I die?
April 1118.
On 28th June 1119, what battle inflicted a crushing defeat on Antiochene forces, losing 700 knights and 3,000 foot?
Battle of the Field of Blood (Ager Sanguinis).
Who was the Muslim general who, allied to Tughtigin (the patron of Unur of Damascus), inflicted this defeat?
Il-Ghazi.
What council assembled in January 1120 to deal with pressing secular/clerical matters in KOJ, particularly the defence of the realm?
Nablus.
Of the 25 decrees agreed at Nablus, what were most based on?
Byzantine law codes.
How did the Council of Nablus try to prevent sexual relations with Muslims?
Franks permitted to marry local Christians, even Islamic converts, but not Muslims.
What, atypically for Latin culture, were clerical figures allowed by canon 20 of the codes of Nablus?
To bear arms (vital for founding of orders).
Which Italian city-state helped in the 1124 Siege of Tyre, winning extensive rights there (though less than they thought, as Baldwin II didn’t want to surrender too much prerogative).
Venice.
How many campaigns did Baldwin II lead in his 13 year rule?
19.
Who did Baldwin II choose to marry his eldest of 4 daughters, Melisende?
Fulk of Anjou.
When did Baldwin II die?
1131.
In 1137-1138, who compelled Roger of Antioch to recognise his overlordship by marching an army to Antioch?
John Komnenos.
What town did these powers jointly fail to capture?
Shaizar.
What position did Zangi hold which enabled him to threaten the Crusader States?
Atabeg of Mosul/subsequently leader of Aleppo, in northern Syria (near to Antioch).
When did Fulk of Anjou die?
1143.
Why was it economically vital to tolerate Muslims living in Outremer?
Vital for agriculture/trade, without them economy would collapse in matter of months.
What was the ethnic majority in Edessa?
Armenians.
Which crusader state had the most amount of Muslims in it?
KOJ.
What was the major presence of ethnicity in Antioch?
Greeks.43.
What did Muslims have to pay to practice their religion in the KOJ?
Poll Tax.
Which Muslim warrior/diplomat gives us fascinating insights into Islamic perspectives of Frankish culture/inter-faith relations? (E.g. the local Frankish knight who had an Egyptian cook and no longer ate Pork?).
Usama ibn Munqidh.
Which later Muslim source expressed serious concern in 1183 that the Muslims working for Christians in KOJ appeared happier than those working in Muslim lands? (hint-from Spain).
Ibn Jubayr.
What was the population of Jerusalem in early 12th century?
20,000.
What was the most important city in terms of finance/economic/trading importance, with the annual income equivalent to the Kingdom of England?
Acre.
What were the relative sizes of both orders, in terms of the number of mounted knights (as opposed to foot-soldiers/other troops) they raised?
300 each.
Who wrote a work praising the Templars, De Lauda Novae Militiae?
Bernard of Claurvaux.
What was the Hospital after which the order was named?
Hospital of St John in Jerusalem.
