The Crusades Points Test 6 - The Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem Flashcards
Why should Baldwin I’s throne have passed to, on his death in 1118?
Eustace of Boulogne, his elder brother.
Why did this Eustace of Boulogne not take the crown after his brother Baldwin’s death?
He was back in Europe/didn’t want to leave his lands.
Who took the crown after Baldwin I?
Count Baldwin of Edessa, cousin of Baldwin I.
Who did some of the nobility, angry at Baldwin II, ask to take the crown instead?
Charles the Good of Flanders.
Why was the succession to Baldwin II fraught with difficulty?
All his children were girls, a problem for the House of KOJ throughout period.
Who was Melisende offered to in marriage?
Fulk of Anjou.
What was controversial about the manner in which Fulk became king, in the terms which Baldwin II imposed on his death bed?
Made joint monarch with Melisende and Baldwin III.
Which supporter of Melisende led the local nobility in support of her, against Fulk?
Count Hugh of Jaffa.
What controversial and treasonous alliance did Hugh make that undermined his support and forced him to come to terms?
Made alliance with Muslims of Ascalon.
How did Hugh of Jaffa die?
Assassinated by Breton knight while awaiting ship for exile.
Why, in William of Tyre’s view, may Fulk have wanted Hugh dead?
Rumour of illicit affair between him and Melisende.
How did the relationship of hostility between Fulk and Melisende change, in the aftermath of this event and in Fulk’s realisation that he had alienated the local nobility and her by promoting his own supporters from France?
Became uxorious according to William of Tyre, ruled jointly and respectfully with her.
Why may Fulk have initially acted in a way likely to alienate Melisende and Jerusalem’s nobility?
Had thought he was going to be sole king, not joint monarch.
How did Fulk die in 1143?
Head injury falling from horse.
When Baldwin III died, why was there a problem with succession?
He was childless.
Who opposed rise of his brother Amalric, and why?
Powerful Ibelin clan, accused him of bigamy, as Agnes of Courtenay already married to hugh of Ibelin.
How was the controversy of Amalric’s Bigamy resolved?
Amalric’s prior marriage dissolved on consanguinity, but children Baldwin IV and Sibylla recognised as legitimate.
What was the problem with Amalric’s succession, despite having a male heir?
Baldwin IV had leprosy.
Which of the 3 other crusader states had trouble with succession?
Antioch.
Which 3 of Antioch’s leaders died in battle?
Roger of Antioch 1119, Bohemond II in 1130, Raymond in 1149.
Which of 2 of Antioch’s leaders were held captive by the enemy?
Bohemond I, 1100-1103, Reynauld 1161-1176.
Why did the amount of Antioch’s leaders being imprisoned cause problem in terms of securing the line of succession?
Little time for making heirs!
When Bohemond II died and left his daughter Constance as heir, who tried to keep power, even ranging Antioch, Tripoli and Edessa in alliance against the KOJ in 1131-1132?
Alice, his widow.
Why was Constance’s marriage to Raymond of Poitiers, despite her being 8 (canon law set marriage age minimum at 12), seen as too necessary to delay?
Growing Muslim power, Zangi took more Frankish land in north by 1135.
When was Baldwin IV crowned?
15th July 1174, 75th anniversary of capture of Jerusalem, aged 13 (a minor).
Who was chosen as Baldwin IV’s 1st regent?
His father’s seneschal Miles of Plancy, murdered quickly after.
Who quickly became Baldwin IV’s second regent?
Raymond III of Tripoli, Baldwin’s closest male relative in east.
Why, despite being a local noble, was Raymond III of Tripoli a relative newcomer to Outremer politics?
Had spent 10 years in captivity.
Who was an ardent admirer of Raymond of Tripoli, often colouring his works and perceptions of Guy de Luisignan?
William of Tyre.
Which lordship in KOJ did Raymond III of Tripoli also control, making himself powerful in the kingdom, as well as the head of a crusader state in his own right?
Galilee.
Which Muslim source in 1184 confirmed the view that Raymond of Tripoli would make a strong king?
Ibn Jubyar.
Who did Raymond and leading men of Jerusalem initially choose as candidate to marry Sibylla, to secure line given Baldwin IV’s disintegration from disease?
William Longsword, son of Count of Montferrat.
When did Raymond’s 1st regency end?
When Baldwin IV came of age, July 1176.
Who was Baldwin IV attempting to attack Egypt with, despite Myriocephalum, and how would this have been possible?
Byzantines/still had strong navy and wanted to help secure control of eastern Mediterranean (precedent of campaigns with Amalric).
When Nur al-Din died in 1174, Saladin held Egypt, but who held…
Damascus?
Aleppo?
Mosul? (1 mark for each).
Damascus? Tried to be independent
Aleppo? Nur al-Din’s son as-Salih
Mosul? Nur al-Din’s nephew saif ad-Din.
When did Saladin take control of Damascus?
October 1174.
October 1174.
When Saladin was proclaiming himself the champion of Sunni Orthodoxy, what had he done in Egypt in 1171 to affirm this claim?
Removed Shiite caliphate.
After defeating Aleppan forces at Hama in spring of 1175, who invested him with government of Egypt, Syria and Yemen (but not, to Saladin’s fury, Aleppo?).
The Abbasid Sunni Caliph of Baghdad.
Who nearly assassinated Saladin twice at this time, and why?
Assassins, he was trying to take their castles, e.g. Masyaf.
