The Axial Skeleton Ch 3 Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
The framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
The framework of the body that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle
Append
Add or hang
Cranium
The portion of the skull that encloses the brain
Frontal
Forms the front of the cranial cavity or “front” or cranial portion of the skull
Parietal
Paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity
Occipital (Ohck-sihp-ih-tahl)
Forms the caudal aspect of the cranial where the foramen magnum, or the opening for the spinal cord, is located
Foramen
An opening in bone through which tissue passes
Magnum
means large
Temporal
Paired bone that form the sides and base of the cranium
Sphenoid
Paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket
Ethmoid
Forms the rostral part of the cranial cavity
Incisive
Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares
Ptergoid (tahr-ih-goyd)
Forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Zygomatic
Forms the orbit and cheekbone; projections from the temporal and zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch (cheekbone)
Zygomatic Arch
The cheekbone
Maxilla
Forms the upper jaw
Mandible
Forms the lower jaw
Palatine
Forms part of the hard palate
Lacrimal
Forms the medial part of the orbit
Nasal
Forms the bridge of the nose
Vomer
Forms the base of the nasal septum
Nasal Septum
The cartilaginous structure that divides the two nasal cavities
Hyoid
Bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx
Vertabral Column (spinal column or backbone)
Supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord
Vertebra (plural vertebrae)
Individual bones that the vertabral column consists of
Vertebr/o or spondyl/o (combining form)
Vertebra (plural vertebrae)
The ‘body’ of the vertebra
The solid portion ventral to the spinal cord
The ‘arch’ of the vertebra
The dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord
The lamina (lahm-ih-nah)
The left or right dorsal half of the arch. Processes project from the vertebra
Process
Projection
Spinous Process
A single projection from the dorsal part of the vertebral arch
Transverse Processes
Project laterally from the right and left sides of the vertebral arch
Articular Process
Paired cranial and caudal projections located on the dorsum of the vertebral arch
Foramen
Means Opening
Vertebral Foramen
The opening in the middle of the vertebra through which the spinal cord passes
Intervertebral discs
Cartilage discs that cushion and separate the vertebrae from each other
Disc/o (combining form)
Discs
‘Cervical Vertebral region’
Neck area ‘C’ of the vertebra
‘Thoracic Vertebral region’
Chest area ‘T’ of the vertebra
‘Lumbar Vertebral region’
Loin area ‘L’ of the vertebra
‘Sacral Vertebral region’
Sacrum area ‘S’ of the vertebra
‘Coccygeal (also known as caudal) Vertebral region’
Tail area ‘Cy’ or ‘Cd’
Atlas
C1 or Cervical vertebra one - the first vertebra
Axis
C2 or Cervical vertebra two - the first vertebra
Ribs
Paired bones that attach to the thoracic vertebrae
Cost/o (combining form)
Rib
Costals
Ribs
Sternum
(Breastbone) Forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage (Divided into 3 parts)
Manubrium (mah-nu-bre-uhm)
The cranial portion of the sternum
The ‘body’ of the sternum
The middle portion
Xiphoid Process
The caudal portion of the sternum
Thoratic Cavity (rib cage)
Protects the heart and lungs. Boundaries made up of the ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae