Structures of the skeletal system Ch 3 Flashcards
Bone
A form of connective tissue, is one of the hardest tissues in the body. The skeleton is made up of cartilage and fibrous membranes that harden into bone before birth.
Ossification
Formation of the bone from fibrous tissue, continues until maturity, which varies with species.
articular cartilage
specific type of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bone
meniscus
A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions forces applied to the joint (found in the canine stifle)
Joints or articulations
Connections between the bones. Articulate means to join in a way that allows motion between the parts. Site of junction or union between bones.
Synarthroses
Joint that allows no movement
Amphiarthroses
Joint that allows slight movement
Diarthroses
Joint that allows free movement
suture
A jagged line where bones join and form a non movable joint
Fontanelle
Soft spot remaining at the junction of structures that usually closes after birth
Symphysis or cartilaginous joint
Joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so they function as one bone
Arthr/o
Joint
Mandibular Fusion
The halves of the mandilbe that fuse at the symphysis to form one bone
Pubic Symphysis
The halves of the pelvic bone that fuse at the symphysis to form one bone
Synovial Joints
A diathroses joint (Joint that allows free movement) that is a type of ball and socket joint
Oste/o
bone
Blasts
Immature
Osteoblasts
Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue
Osteoclasts
Phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of a long bone
Clasts
break
Osteocytes
Matured osteoblasts
Hematopoietic
Red bone marrow, located in cancellous bone
hemat/o
blood
-poietic (suffux)
Pertaining to formation
Medullary Cavity
Cavity of the long bone, or the inner space of bone, that contains yellow bone marrow
What is yellow bone marrow composed of?
Mostly fat cells that serve as fat storage. (Replaces red bone marrow in adults)
Cartilage
A form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone
Ball and socket joints
Joints that allow a wide range of motion in many directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints
Arthrodial or Condyloid Joints
A type of ball and socket joint with oval projections that fit into a socket, such as the carpal joints (where the radius meets the carpus)
Trochoid Joints (or pivot joints)
A type of ball and socket joint that include pulley-shaped joints like the connection between the atlas and the axis
Hinge Joints
A type of ball and socket joint that allow motion in one plane or direction, such as the canine stifle and the elbow joints)
Gliding Joints
Ball and socket joints that move and glide over each other, as in the radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae
The Saddle Joint (found in primates)
A type of ball and socket joint located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. (the saddle joint allows primates to flex, extend, abduct, adduct and circumduct and thumb
Ligament
A band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone to help stabilize the joints
Ligament/o (combining form)
Ligament
Tendon
Band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone to help the animal move
ten/o, tendin/o, tend/o
Tendon
Bursa
A fibrous sac that acts as a cushioning to ease movement in areas of friction (example: within the shoulder joint is a bursa where the tendon passes over the bone)
Burs/o
Bursa (bursea is the plural form)
Synovial Membrane
The inner lining of the bursae and synovial joints (secretes synovial fluid to help joint movement)
Synovial Fluid
Fluid secreted from the synovial membrane that acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth
Synovi/o (combining form)
Synovial membrane and synovial fluid
Clasts
Break
