Immune system Ch 15

Question 1

Immune system

Answer 1

Functions to protect the body from harmful substances and utilizes other systems to maintain its functions

Question 2

Immunity

Answer 2

exemption (implies exempt from or protected from foreign substances)

Question 3

Immun/o

Answer 3

Protected

Question 4

Immunology

Answer 4

The study of the immune system

Question 5

Lymphocyte

Answer 5

A type of white blood cell that is involved in the immune response and works against specific antigens

Question 6

T Lymphocyte

Answer 6

A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that are responsible for cell mediated immunity

Question 7

B Lymphocyte

Answer 7

A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that are responsible for humoral immunity. In the presense of a specific antigen, they diferenciate into plasma and memory B cells

Question 8

Memory B cells

Answer 8

Type of B lymphocyte that remember a specific antigen and stimulate a faster and more intense response when the same antigen is presented in the body

Question 9

Plasma Cell or plasmocytes

Answer 9

An immune cell that produces and secretes a specific antibody for a specific antigen

Question 10

Immunoglobulins (Ig)

Answer 10

Antibodies made by plasma cells. There are five distinct immunoglobulins.

Question 11

IgA

Answer 11

A type of immunoglobulin found in the mucous membrane lining of the intestines and the bronchi, and secretions such as saliva, sweat and tears; protects those areas by preventing attachment of bacteria and viruses to the epithelial surfaces that line most organs

Question 12

IgD

Answer 12

A type of immunoglobulin found large amounts on the surface of B cells; unknown function but is important in B cell activation

Question 13

IgE

Answer 13

A type of immunoglobulin found bound to mast cells in lungs, skin, and cells of the mucous membranes; provides defense against the environment and is involved in allergic reactions

Question 14

IgG

Answer 14

A type of immunoglobulin found in blood stream, interstitial fluid (tissue), and lymph (lymph vessels); synthesized in response to invading germs such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses; most abundant antibody and only class that can cross the placenta; found in high concentrations in colostrum of lg domestic species (horse, cattle, pigs)

Question 15

IgM

Answer 15

A type of immunoglobulin found in circulating fluid(due to its size it cannot exit the blood stream); first immunoglobulin produced in response to an initial exposure to an antigen; invades and provides protection in the earliest stages of infection.

Question 16

T lymphocytes

Answer 16

Small circulating lymphocytes produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus, hence the name T cells. Their function is to coordinate immune defenses and kill organisms on contact

Question 17

Cell-mediated Immunity (not book vocab)

Answer 17

Involves T cell activation and cellular secretions.It doesn’t involve antibody production but the antibodies produced during humoral immunity may play a role in some cell-mediated responses.

Question 18

Helper T cells (also known as CD4 cells)

Answer 18

T lymphocytes that secrete substances, such as cytokines, that stimulate the production of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells.

Question 19

Cytotoxic T cells (also known as CD8 cells)

Answer 19

T lymphocytes that destroy intracellular pathogens

Question 20

Suppressor T cells

Answer 20

T lymphocytes that stop B and T lymphocyte activity when this activity is no longer needed

Question 21

Memory T cells

Answer 21

remember a specific antigen and stimulate a faster and more intense response when that same antigen is presented to the body

Question 22

Monocytes

Answer 22

A leukocyte formed in bone marrow and transported to other parts of the body. They migrate to tissues such as the spleen to become macrophages.

Question 23

Macrophage

Answer 23

Phagocytic cell that protects the body by engulfing invading cells and by interacting with other cells of the immune system.

Question 24

Histiocytes

Answer 24

Large macrophages found in loose connective tissue

Question 25

Intact

Answer 25

Having no cuts, scrapes, openings or alterations

Question 26

The compliment system

Answer 26

a nonspecific defense mechanism, and its activation can result in initiation of inflammation, activation of leukocytes, lysis of pathogens, and increased phagocytes

Question 27

Compliment

Answer 27

Series of enzymatic proteins that are continually present in normal plasma and aids phagocytes in destroying antigens and cause cell lysis

Question 28

Specific immunity

Answer 28

The immune response is directed against a ‘specific’ antigen

Question 29

Memory immunity

Answer 29

Helps the immune system recognize a antigen it has been previously exposed to and allows the body to quickly respond to that antigen

Question 30

Discrimination Immunity

Answer 30

Helps the immune system differentiate between “self” and ““non-self”

Question 31

Immunity

Answer 31

State of being resistant to a specific disease

Question 32

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 32

Resistance to a specific infection by the passing of protection from mother to offspring before birth or through colostrum

Question 33

mut/a

Answer 33

genetic change

Question 34

Naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 34

Resistance to a specific infection after the development of antibodies during the actual disease

Question 35

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 35

Resistance to a specific infection by receiving antiserum-containing antibodies from another host

Question 36

Artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 36

Resistance to a specific infection through vaccination

Question 37

herd immunity

Answer 37

Resistance of a group (herd) to a microbe/infection b/c large proportion of the group’s members are immune.

Question 38

Debilitated

Answer 38

Weakened

Question 39

Heredity

Answer 39

Genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

Question 40

innate Immunity or inherent/genetic immunity

Answer 40

Immunity determined by genetic makeup of an individual (example: dogs do not get HIV infection due to innate immunity)

Question 41

Opportunistic

Answer 41

Able to cause disease (due to debilitation or alteration of the animal) when disease normally would no be produced (example: a microbe is able to cause disease b/c it is given an ‘opportunity’ when the population of normal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is altered)

Question 42

Resistant

Answer 42

Not susceptible

Question 43

Titer

Answer 43

Quantity of a substance required to react with a given amount of another substance

Question 44

Antibody titer

Answer 44

Measures the concentration of antibodies circulating in the bloodstream of an animal (rising antibody titer usually indicates the the animals response to antigens associated with an active infection)

Question 45

Vaccination or immunization

Answer 45

Administration of an antigen (vaccine) to stimulate protective immune response against a specific infectious agent.

Question 46

Vaccine

Answer 46

Preparation of pathogen (live, weakened or killed) or a portion of pathogen that is administered to stimulate a protective immune response against a pathogen.