The axial skeleton. Flashcards
Bones are classified by _____.
shape
You can get l_____ bones, s____ bones, f____ bones, I_____ bones, s_____ bones and s_____ bones.
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural
The axial skeleton is _____. What does it not include?
longitudinal.
arms and legs
The _____ skeleton focuses on arms and legs etc.
appendicular
How many bones are in the entire skeleton?
206
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull and associated bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
A total of ____ bones in the _____ axis make up the axial skeleton.
80, longitudinal
The skull and associated bones are made up of 4 mane bones, name these categories.
Cranial, facial, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone.
we have; 8 \_\_\_\_ bones 14 \_\_\_\_\_\_ bones 6 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ossicles- 2 of each malleus, incus, stapes. 1 \_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
cranial
facial
auditory
hyoid
What are all bones connected by?
What is the one exception?
sutures
Except from the mandible
In the skull, what is the suture that runs vertically down the back half of the skull called?
The sagittal suture
The ____ suture runs horizontally across the middle of the skull.
coronal
What is the cranial bone that forms the forehead and roof of nasal/orbital cavities known as?
The frontal bone
The _____ bone is above the lip.
maxillary
what suture runs horizontally at the back of the skull?
the lamboid suture
_____ bones form the walls and summit of the skull (jew cap area).
Parietal
Where is the occipital bone found?
Right at the back of the skull aka. lower posterior bone of the skull
at the side of the skull beside the ear, the _____ bone forms the walls and base of the cranium.
temporal
At the back, inner bit of the skull, you can find the _____ process.
mastoid
What is the bone going down the front of the nose called?
Nasal Bone
The ____ bone is beside (more at the front) the temporal bone.
sphenoid
The sphenoid bone is found at the ___ of the skull and forms part of the floor of the ______.
base, anterior
What is the mandible?
The jaw bone
Name some functions of the mandible.
chewing and speaking
Where is the zygomatic bone found?
Beside the under eye
The ramus, mental foramen, mandibular notch and body are all parts of the ______.
mandible
The mandible has ____ main parts.
4
What is another name for the backbone?
the vertebral column
What is the function of the vertebral column?
It surrounds and protects the spinal cord which travels within the spinal canal.
C1-C7, is known as the ______ spine.
cervical
What does the dens of axis allow?
rotation of the head
What is the first cervical vertebra called?
the atlas
Describe the structure of C1/the atlas.
Thin, ring shaped bone with no body
What bones does C1 articulate with?
The occipital bone on the base of the skull and the axis.
What is C2 called?
The axis.
The axis contains the ____which projects superiorly.
dens
What is the main function of the axis/C2?
To support the weight of the head and allow pivotal movement.
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
The neck muscles attach to the _____ transverse ______ (across).
cervical transverse processes
The ___ muscles attach to the spinous processes (down).
back
Name the arches C1 has.
Anterior arch and posterior arch.
What is after the cervical spine?
The Thoracic Spine
The thoracic spine is T__ - T____
T1-T12
The _____ spine is made up of 12 vertebrae.
thoracic
The upper 4 thoracic vertebrae (T1 - T4) have some _____ features.
cervical
The lowest 4 thoracic vertebrae (T8 - T12) have some _____ features.
lumbar
T5-T7 are the most typically ______.
thoracic
What is the key difference between the cervical vertebrae and the thoracic vertebrae?
The thoracic vertebrae have a costal facet
What do the first ten thoracic vertebrae contain?
Facets for articulation with ribs
What is the proper name for the rib cage?
The thoracic cage.
What is the thoracic cage formed by?
The vertebral column, ribs and sternum
What is the sternum?
It is the breast bone- a long flat bone located in the centre of chest.
What does the thoracic cage enclose?
The heart and lungs
There is additional attachment via ______ from the thoracic cage to the ____.
cartiledge, sternum
What are T11 and T12 referred to as?
Floating ribs
Why are the last two thoracic vertebrae called floating ribs?
As they aren’t connected to the anterior :)
How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
L5 is the _____ lumbar vertebra.
largest
Lumbar vertebrae have ____, ______ shaped bodies.
large, kidney
What shape are lumbar vertebrae transverse processes?
They are long and thin
Do lumbar vertebrae have facets?
yes
What do lumbar facets allow?
they allow for extension and flexion
The spinous processes are ____, ____ and _____.
large short and square
S1 and S5 are _____ together to form one _____. What is it called?
fused, bone
The Sacrum
What is the sacrum the key site of?
The key site of muscle attachment to lower limbs
What shape is the sacrum?
a triangle
The Sacrum _____ the _____of the body and forms the ____ wall of the _____.
transmits, weight, posterior, pelvis
What lumbar vertebra number does the sacrum articulate with superiorly?
L5
Name the 2 other bones the Sacrum articulates with.
The coccyx (inferiorly) an the iliac bones (laterally)
What is the other name for the tailbone?
The Coccyx
The coccyx is the _____ segment of the human _____ column.
final, vertical
What fused together to form the coccyx?
Co 1 - Co4
what 3 things does the coccyx not contain?
lamina, spine or pendicles
What does the base of the coccyx articulate superiorly with?
The apex of the Sacrum
