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anatomy > The axial skeleton. > Flashcards

The axial skeleton. Flashcards

1
Q

Bones are classified by _____.

A

shape

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2
Q

You can get l_____ bones, s____ bones, f____ bones, I_____ bones, s_____ bones and s_____ bones.

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural

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3
Q

The axial skeleton is _____. What does it not include?

A

longitudinal.

arms and legs

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4
Q

The _____ skeleton focuses on arms and legs etc.

A

appendicular

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5
Q

How many bones are in the entire skeleton?

A

206

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6
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull and associated bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

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7
Q

A total of ____ bones in the _____ axis make up the axial skeleton.

A

80, longitudinal

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8
Q

The skull and associated bones are made up of 4 mane bones, name these categories.

A

Cranial, facial, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone.

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9
Q 
we have;
8 \_\_\_\_ bones
14 \_\_\_\_\_\_ bones
6 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ossicles- 2 of each malleus, incus, stapes.
1 \_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
A

cranial
facial
auditory
hyoid

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10
Q

What are all bones connected by?

What is the one exception?

A

sutures

Except from the mandible

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11
Q

In the skull, what is the suture that runs vertically down the back half of the skull called?

A

The sagittal suture

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12
Q

The ____ suture runs horizontally across the middle of the skull.

A

coronal

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13
Q

What is the cranial bone that forms the forehead and roof of nasal/orbital cavities known as?

A

The frontal bone

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14
Q

The _____ bone is above the lip.

A

maxillary

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15
Q

what suture runs horizontally at the back of the skull?

A

the lamboid suture

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16
Q

_____ bones form the walls and summit of the skull (jew cap area).

A

Parietal

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17
Q

Where is the occipital bone found?

A

Right at the back of the skull aka. lower posterior bone of the skull

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18
Q

at the side of the skull beside the ear, the _____ bone forms the walls and base of the cranium.

A

temporal

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19
Q

At the back, inner bit of the skull, you can find the _____ process.

A

mastoid

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20
Q

What is the bone going down the front of the nose called?

A

Nasal Bone

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21
Q

The ____ bone is beside (more at the front) the temporal bone.

A

sphenoid

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22
Q

The sphenoid bone is found at the ___ of the skull and forms part of the floor of the ______.

A

base, anterior

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23
Q

What is the mandible?

A

The jaw bone

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24
Q

Name some functions of the mandible.

A

chewing and speaking

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25
Q

Where is the zygomatic bone found?

A

Beside the under eye

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26
Q

The ramus, mental foramen, mandibular notch and body are all parts of the ______.

A

mandible

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27
Q

The mandible has ____ main parts.

A

4

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28
Q

What is another name for the backbone?

A

the vertebral column

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29
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A

It surrounds and protects the spinal cord which travels within the spinal canal.

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30
Q

C1-C7, is known as the ______ spine.

A

cervical

31
Q

What does the dens of axis allow?

A

rotation of the head

32
Q

What is the first cervical vertebra called?

A

the atlas

33
Q

Describe the structure of C1/the atlas.

A

Thin, ring shaped bone with no body

34
Q

What bones does C1 articulate with?

A

The occipital bone on the base of the skull and the axis.

35
Q

What is C2 called?

A

The axis.

36
Q

The axis contains the ____which projects superiorly.

A

dens

37
Q

What is the main function of the axis/C2?

A

To support the weight of the head and allow pivotal movement.

38
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

39
Q

The neck muscles attach to the _____ transverse ______ (across).

A

cervical transverse processes

40
Q

The ___ muscles attach to the spinous processes (down).

A

back

41
Q

Name the arches C1 has.

A

Anterior arch and posterior arch.

42
Q

What is after the cervical spine?

A

The Thoracic Spine

43
Q

The thoracic spine is T__ - T____

A

T1-T12

44
Q

The _____ spine is made up of 12 vertebrae.

A

thoracic

45
Q

The upper 4 thoracic vertebrae (T1 - T4) have some _____ features.

A

cervical

46
Q

The lowest 4 thoracic vertebrae (T8 - T12) have some _____ features.

A

lumbar

47
Q

T5-T7 are the most typically ______.

A

thoracic

48
Q

What is the key difference between the cervical vertebrae and the thoracic vertebrae?

A

The thoracic vertebrae have a costal facet

49
Q

What do the first ten thoracic vertebrae contain?

A

Facets for articulation with ribs

50
Q

What is the proper name for the rib cage?

A

The thoracic cage.

51
Q

What is the thoracic cage formed by?

A

The vertebral column, ribs and sternum

52
Q

What is the sternum?

A

It is the breast bone- a long flat bone located in the centre of chest.

53
Q

What does the thoracic cage enclose?

A

The heart and lungs

54
Q

There is additional attachment via ______ from the thoracic cage to the ____.

A

cartiledge, sternum

55
Q

What are T11 and T12 referred to as?

A

Floating ribs

56
Q

Why are the last two thoracic vertebrae called floating ribs?

A

As they aren’t connected to the anterior :)

57
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

58
Q

L5 is the _____ lumbar vertebra.

A

largest

59
Q

Lumbar vertebrae have ____, ______ shaped bodies.

A

large, kidney

60
Q

What shape are lumbar vertebrae transverse processes?

A

They are long and thin

61
Q

Do lumbar vertebrae have facets?

A

yes

62
Q

What do lumbar facets allow?

A

they allow for extension and flexion

63
Q

The spinous processes are ____, ____ and _____.

A

large short and square

64
Q

S1 and S5 are _____ together to form one _____. What is it called?

A

fused, bone

The Sacrum

65
Q

What is the sacrum the key site of?

A

The key site of muscle attachment to lower limbs

66
Q

What shape is the sacrum?

A

a triangle

67
Q

The Sacrum _____ the _____of the body and forms the ____ wall of the _____.

A

transmits, weight, posterior, pelvis

68
Q

What lumbar vertebra number does the sacrum articulate with superiorly?

A

L5

69
Q

Name the 2 other bones the Sacrum articulates with.

A

The coccyx (inferiorly) an the iliac bones (laterally)

70
Q

What is the other name for the tailbone?

A

The Coccyx

71
Q

The coccyx is the _____ segment of the human _____ column.

A

final, vertical

72
Q

What fused together to form the coccyx?

A

Co 1 - Co4

73
Q

what 3 things does the coccyx not contain?

A

lamina, spine or pendicles

74
Q

What does the base of the coccyx articulate superiorly with?

A

The apex of the Sacrum

anatomy (31 decks)

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