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anatomy > Skeletal Muscle Contraction. > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Contraction. Flashcards

1
Q

The process of contraction involves _____ _______ of sarcolemma.

A

neural stimulation

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2
Q

What coupling does neural stimulation cause?

A

causes “excitation-contraction” coupling.

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3
Q

Muscle fibre contraction is caused by the ______ of thick and thin _______.

A

interaction, filaments

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4
Q

Force is produced during muscle contraction, what can this also be called?

A

Tension Production

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5
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates.

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6
Q

When a motor neuron reaches the muscle cell, this is called a ______ _______.

A

neuromuscular junction

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7
Q

Motor neurons reach the spinal ____ that then connects to part of the spinal _____.

A

nerve, cord

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8
Q

Synaptic ____ containing _______ will pass from the _____ _______ into the muscle cell.

A

vesicles, acetylcholine, axon terminal.

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9
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

The space between neuron and in this case the muscle cell, at a nerve synapse.

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10
Q

Muscle contraction is stimulated by what stimulation?

A

neural stimulation

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11
Q

What does neural stimulation induce?

A

Calcium Ion release.

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12
Q

Where is calcium released from?

A

The sarcoplasmic reticulum of the myofibril.

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13
Q

Calcium binds to _____ more specifically _____.

A

Actin, troponin

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14
Q

When calcium binds to actin, how does this initiate contraction?

A

By exposing myosin binding sites on each actin molecule.

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15
Q

Where does muscle contraction occur?

A

In skeletal muscles

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16
Q

What does the Contractile Cycle/ Muscle Contraction begin with?

A

it begins with the arrival of calcium ions within the zone of overlap.

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17
Q

Calcium ions bind to ______, this _______the _____between actin and the troponin-tropomyosin.

A

troponin, weakens, bond.

18
Q

Once the bond is weakened, this then causes the troponin to change ______, rolling the ________.

A

position, tropomyosin

19
Q

When the tropomyosin is rolled what does this expose?

A

This exposes the myosin binding sites on each actin molecule.

20
Q

Once the myosin sites on each actin molecule are exposed, what does this allow?

A

This allows interaction with the energized myosin heads.

21
Q

What is the 3rd stage in Muscle Contraction (after active site exposure)?

A

Cross-Bridge Formation

22
Q

Once the active sites are exposed the _____ myosin heads _____ and bind to the binding/active sites on _____. This forms a _____ _______.

A

energized, extend, actin, cross-bridge

23
Q

After a cross bridge is formed what happens?

A

The myosin head pivots toward the M line.

24
Q

What happens to the energy that was stored in the resting state after cross-bridge formation?

A

it is released in the form ADP+Pi

25
Q

The release of ADP+Pi causes what?

A

the myosin head to pivot toward the M line.

26
Q

The action of the myosin head pivoting toward the M line is known as the ________ __________.

A

Power stroke.

27
Q

The power stroke occurs when the bound _____ and ___ are released.

A

ADP and Pi

28
Q

After the power stroke, what happens?

A

The myosin remains attached to the actin until a molecule of ATP binds.

29
Q

When ____ binds, the link between the _____ head and the myosin binding site on _____ is _______.

A

ATP, myosin, actin, broken

30
Q

Once the link is broken between myosin and actin, what does this mean?

A

This means that the binding site is now free/exposed and able to form another cross bridge.

31
Q

Name the last stage in muscle contraction.

A

Myosin Reactivation

32
Q

When does myosin reactivation occur?

A

When the free myosin head splits ATP into ADP and Pi.

33
Q

The energy released when ATP splits into ADP and Pi is used to do what?

A

Its used to recock the myosin head- this allows the cycle to start again :)

34
Q

What is essential for contraction?

A

ATP

35
Q

What enzyme is located in the myosin head?

A

myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase)

36
Q

ADP&raquo_space;»> ATP happens in the ______ stage.

A

resynthesis

37
Q

ATP»»»»>ADP happens during _____.

A

contraction

38
Q

What is ATP also required for?

A

Its required to pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during relaxation.

39
Q

What is the main way the body produces ATP?

A

Aerobic Respiration

40
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces ____ ATP.

A

2

41
Q

Aerobic respiration produces ________ ATP and is better for _____ contractions.

A

38, sustained

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