Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > Bone (lesson 3) > Flashcards

Bone (lesson 3) Flashcards

1
Q

what can bone tissue also be known as?

A

osseous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bone tissue is a ____and ____, ____ tissue.

A

dense, supportive, connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bone tissue contains ______ cells.

A

specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does bone tissue produce?

A

solid matrix of calcium deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what fibres will you find bone tissue around?

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many types of cells do bones contain?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name an organic compound in bone

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bone is a ____ tissue

A

connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the bone’s matrix consist of?

A

collagen fibres for flexibility and tensile strength
calcium for rigidity
hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3 OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define ossification

A

The natural process of bone formation and the hardening of muscular tissue into a bony substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can bone formation also be called?

A

osteogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first process in osteogenesis?

A

the development of hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in the second stage of osteogenesis the hyaline cartilage ______ and the matrix is formed, then some of the matrix is _____.

A

grows, calcified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stage 3 in osteogenesis?

A

the development of the primary ossification centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the primary ossification centre has a _____ bud and ______/____ cavity.

A

periosteal, medullary/marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in stage 4 of osteogenesis the development of the _______ _________ ______ in the ______ occurs.

A

secondary ossification centre, epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in the last stage of bone formation what two things are formed?

A

the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where do bones lengthen?

A

the epiphyseal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bones grow from _____.

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When bone growing is complete what forms?

A

the epiphyseal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bones undergo constant remodelling from ___ __ ____ and _____.

A

adaption to stress and healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is dense/compact bone also known as?

A

cortical bone

23
Q

what percent of bone in our bodies is cortical bone?

A

85%

24
Q

name some components of compact/cortical bone

A 
osteon/haversian system
central/haversian canal
lamellae
lacunae with osteocytes
canaliculi
25
Q

what is spongy/cancellous bone known as?

A

trabecular bone

26
Q

What percent of spongy bone do we have in our body (out of all the bones in our body)?

A

15%

27
Q

what is trabecular bone made up of?

A

trabeculae

28
Q

The outer layer of the periosteum is ____ and has an _____ network of _____ and ____ _____.

A

dense, irregular, nerves and blood vessels

29
Q

what cells does the inner layer of the periosteum contain?

A

osteoblasts

30
Q

How is the inner layer of the periosteum anchored to the bone?

A

by collagen fibres that penetrate into the bone

31
Q

What canals connect the Haversian canals and also assist blood supply from the periosteum to the harversian canals?

A

Volkmann’s canals

32
Q

What happens if calcium ion concentration increases by 30%?

A

neurons and muscle cells become unresponsive

33
Q

What happens if calcium ion concentration decreases by 35%?

A

convulsions

34
Q

Death may occur if the calcium ion concentration decreases by _____%.

A

50

35
Q

calcium levels are closely regulated by ____ _________.

A

calcium homeostasis

36
Q

What does PTH do to the kidneys?

A

It decreases the rate of excretion of calcium ions

37
Q

When calcium ion concentration in the blood increases, _______ is released into the blood stream.

A

calcitonin

38
Q

what does calcitonin inhibit?

A

calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity

39
Q

How does the release of calcitonin affect the kidneys?

A

It increases the rate of excretion of calcium ions

40
Q

Name a nutritional bone disorder

A

rickets

41
Q

As x-rays pass through the body, they are partially _____.

A

absorbed

42
Q

The _____ the tissue, the greater the fraction of radiation that is _____.

A

denser, absorbed

43
Q

What is osteopenia?

A

inadequate ossification

44
Q

The prevalence and severity of osteopenia typically increases with _____.

A

age

45
Q

What body parts are most affected by osteopenia?

A

epiphyses (end of long bones), vertebrae and jaw.

46
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

The reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise bone function

47
Q

What can osteoporosis typically lead to?

A

Bone fracture, leads to loss of independence and immobility

48
Q

what gender is osteoporosis most common in (due to hormones)?

A

females

49
Q

What happens immediately after a bone fracture? (stage 1 of fracture healing)

A

Extensive bleeding occurs, over a period of several hours, a large blood clot or fracture hematoma, develops.

50
Q

what is stage 1 of fracture healing known as?

A

Fracture hematoma

51
Q

What is stage 2 of fracture healing?

A

A callus forms

52
Q

In stage 3 _____ occurs, this mean that the external callus becomes replaced by ___.

A

ossification, bone

53
Q

In stage 3 what happens to fragments of dead bone and the areas of bone closest to the break?

A

They are removed and replaced

54
Q

what is the final stage in fracture healing?

A

Remodelling, a swelling initially marks the location of the fracture, over time this region will be remodelled and little evidence of the fracture will remain.

anatomy (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions