Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > An Introduction to the brain and cranial nerves. > Flashcards

An Introduction to the brain and cranial nerves. Flashcards

1
Q

The adult human brain contains almost 97% of the body’s ______ tissue.

A

neural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The brains of males are 10% ____ than females.

A

largest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 6 regions of the brain.

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the cerebrum control?

A

It controls higher mental functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cerebrum divided into?

A

Its divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The brain has an extensive area of neural cortex called the ______ _______.

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What covers the cerebral/neural cortex?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cerebral cortex forms a series of elevated ridges called ________.

A

gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of gyri?

A

To increase the surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are gyri separated by?

A

Shallow depressions called sulci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gyri can also be separated by deep grooves known as _____.

A

fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the second largest part of the brain.

A

The cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

To coordinate repetitive body movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The cerebellum can coordinate _____ body movements by adjusting ongoing movements by comparing ____ _______ with _____ ______ sensations, allowing you to perform the same movements over and over.

A

repetitive, arriving sensations, previously experienced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The cerebellum exists in ____ hemispheres.

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The cerebellum has hemispheres that are covered by a layer of gray matter. What is this called?

A

The cerebellar cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the diencephalon located?

A

Its located under the cerebrum and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the diencephalon?

A

it links the cerebrum with the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ______ has 3 divisions.

A

diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the 3 divisions of the diencephalon.

A

Left thalamus, Right thalamus and the hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

It contains relay and processing centres for sensory information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the hypothalamus?

A

It is at the floor of the diencephalon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What contains centres involved with emotions, autonomic function and hormone production?

A

The Hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

it is a major endocrine gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is the pituitary gland connected to?

A

It’s connected to the hypothalamus via infundibulum (narrow stalk).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are responsible for the integration of the nervous and endocrine systems?

A

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The _____ is a structural and functional link between the cerebral hemispheres and the components of the brain stem.

A

diencephalon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

It processes information between the spinal cord and cerebrum/cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name the parts of the brain stem.

A

Mid Brain
Pons
Medulla Oblongta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the mid brain process?

A

It processes sight, sound and associated reflexes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The mid brain contains nuclei that process ____ and ______ information and control ____ triggered by these stimuli.

A

visual, auditory, reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the mid brain maintain?

A

It maintains consciousness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the function of pons?

A

To connect the cerebellum to the brain stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The pons contains nuclei involved in ___ and _____ ____ control.

A

somatic and visceral motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The _____ _______ connects the brain to the spinal cord.

A

Medulla Oblongata

37
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

It relays sensory information to the thalamus and to centres in other portions of the brain stem.

38
Q

The medulla oblongata regulates ____ functions.

A

Autonomic functions

39
Q

The medulla regulates autonomic functions, name 3.

A

heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.

40
Q

The brain is a large, delicate mass of ______ tissue.

A

neural

41
Q

Each of the brains ____ major regions has specific functions.

A

6

42
Q

Ascending from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, brain functions become more _____ and ______.

A

complex, variable

43
Q

Conscious thought and intelligence are produced in the neural cortex of the ______ hemispheres.

A

cerebral

44
Q

Name three ways that the brain is physically protected.

A

bones of the cranium, cranial meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.

45
Q

Name the biochemical isolation of the brain.

A

the blood-brain barrier

46
Q

How many layers do the cranial meninges have?

A

3

47
Q

Name the 3 layers of the cranial meninges.

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

48
Q

The cranial meninges are continuous with what?

A

the spinal meninges.

49
Q

What do the cranial meninges do?

A

They protect the brain from cranial trauma.

50
Q

The dura mater is the _____ mater.

A

outer

51
Q

Dura mater is made up of an _____ ______ _______ and an ____ _____ ______ (which is fused to the ______.)

A

Inner fibrous layer, outer fibrous layer, periosteum.

52
Q

What is between the 2 layers of the dura mater?

A

Venous sinuses.

53
Q

The arachnoid mater is the ____ mater.

A

middle

54
Q

What does the arachnoid mater do?

A

It covers the brain, providing a smooth surface that doesn’t follow the brain’s underlying folds.

55
Q

The arachnoid mater contacts the epithelial layer of ____ mater.

A

dura

56
Q

What is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space

57
Q

What is attached to brain surfaces by astrocytes?

A

Pia Mater

58
Q

What is the most inner mater of the cranial meninges?

A

Pia Mater

59
Q

The folded inner layer of dura mater are known as _____ folds.

A

Dural

60
Q

Dural folds extend into _____ activity.

A

cranial

61
Q

What is the role of dural folds?

A

To stabilise and support the brain.

62
Q

Dural folds contain collecting veins known as dural _____.

A

sinuses

63
Q

Falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri are all examples of what?

A

The largest dural folds.

64
Q

What surrounds all exposed surfaces of the CNS?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid.

65
Q

Name the functions of cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Cushions delicate neural structures
Supports the brain
Transports nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products

66
Q

In essence the brain is _____ inside the ____ and floats in the __________.

A

suspended, cranium, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

67
Q

A human brain ways about 3 lbs in ____ but only about 1.8 lbs when supported by the _________.

A

air, cerebrospinal fluid.

68
Q

What are disorders that interfere with blood circulation to the brain known as?

A

Cerebrovascular Disease.

69
Q

What are common cause of cerebrovascular disease?

A

Stroke- also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

70
Q

When does stroke occur?

A

When the blood supply to a portion of the brain is shut off.

71
Q

What happens even in a matter of minutes if you have s stroke?

A

The affected neurons begin to die.

72
Q

What does BBB stand for?

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

73
Q

What does the blood brain barrier do?

A

It isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation.

74
Q

What is formed by a network of tight junctions between endothelial cells of CNS capillaries?

A

The Blood-Brain Barrier.

75
Q

What sort of compounds can diffuse into interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Lipid-soluble compounds

76
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

cells that are in close contact with CNS capillaries and control the blood-brain barrier.

77
Q

How do astrocytes control the blood brain barrier?

A

They release chemicals that control the permeability of the endothelium

78
Q

What happens if astrocytes are damaged or stop stimulating the endothelial cells?

A

The blood brain barrier disappears.

79
Q

What barrier is formed by special ependymal cells?

A

blood-CSF barrier.

80
Q

The blood-CSF barrier limits movement of __________ transferred.

A

compounds

81
Q

What does the blood-CSF barrier allow?

A

It allows the chemical composition of blood and CSF to differ.

82
Q

What stabilises the position of the brain within the cranial cavity?

A

The cranial meninges

83
Q

What provides protection against sudden jolts and shocks?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

84
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides ______ and removes ______.

A

nutrients, waste

85
Q

What do the Blood–brain barrier and blood–CSF barrier both do?

A

They selectively isolate the brain from chemicals in the blood that might disrupt neural function.

86
Q

Name the six major regions of the brain.

A 
Cerebrum
Cerebellum 
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons 
Medulla Oblongata
87
Q

What brain regions make up the brain stem?

A

The Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata.

88
Q

From superficial to deep, name the layers that make up the cranial meninges.

A 
Dura mater (outer/superficial)
Arachnoid mater (middle)
Pia mater (deep/inner)
89
Q

Many water-soluble molecules that are abundant in the blood occur in small amounts or not at all in the extracellular fluid of the brain. Why?

A

because the blood–brain barrier regulates the movement of such molecules from the blood to the ECF (extracellular fluid) of the brain. aka the barrier doesn’t let much in :)

anatomy (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions