Thalamus Flashcards
exam 2
relay station
thalamus
involved in the maintenance of homeostasis, the regulation of feeding, drinking and sexual activity , circadian rhythm, and emotional expression
hypothalamus
mesencephalon develops into the
midbrain
diencephalon develops into the
thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus
Theepithalamusis a small region of the diencephalon consisting of the _________, _______ nuclei, and _________.
Theepithalamusis a small region of the diencephalon consisting of the pineal gland, habenular nuclei, and stria medullaris thalami.
The pineal gland contains no true neurons, only
glial cells
The stria medullaris connects fibers from
the habenular nuclei with the limbic system
Fibers from neurons in the zona incerta project to many areas, including the _________, and may exert an _________ on the motor pathways.
including the cerebral cortex and may exert an inhibitory effect on motor pathways
white matter running between the basal ganglia and thalamus
internal capsule- fibers from CST and CBT
all sensory systems except the _________ project to the thalamus
olfactory system
medial geniculate body is associated with the
auditory system
lateral geniculate body is associated with
visual system
Geniculate pathway:
Inf collic——>__________——–>Heschl’s gyrus
medial genic
Geniculare pathway:
Optic tract——>__________—–>visual cortex
lateral genic
somatosensroy nuclei
VPL and VPM
VPL nuclei associated with
body
VPM nuclei associated with
face
Somatosensory pathway:
SPT, post cols——->______———>sensory cortex
VPL
Somatosensory pathway:
Trigeminal (all modalities)——->_______—–>lower end of sensory cortex
VPM
motor system nuclei
VA-basal ganglia and VL- cerebellum
cingulate gyrus associated with the
limbic cortex
regulation of membrane and emotion
limbic cortex
Motor system:
GP——->_____——>Motor and motor association
VA- basal ganglia
Motor system:
Deep nuclei——->_____——>Motor and motor association
VL- cerebellum
Limbic system:
MB——> _____—->cingulate gyrus
Amygdala—->______—->Prefrontal Cortex
MB——> anterior—->cingulate gyrus
Amygdala—->DM—->Prefrontal Cortex
the thalamus allows for modulation of signals they enter the cortex. this allows for?
selective attention
Lacunar infarctsare smallinfarcts(2–20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, presumed to result from the occlusion of
a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain
Degenerative changes in small blood vessels, marked by the accumulation of a glassy- or waxy-appearing lipid within the vessel wall
Lipohyalinosis
A deposit or degenerative accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layer of the wall of an artery
Microatheroma
pure sensory stroke involves the ____ and ____ and that leads to
VPL and VPM and leads to loss of all sensation from body and face
thalamic hemorrhage is associated with issues to the
internal capsule
what is usually associated with thalamic hemorrhage which is an area of the brain prone to develop spont. intracerebral hemorrhage
Hypertension
thalamic hemorrhage leads to
commonly contralateral hemianesthesia (numbness), mild hemiparesis, hemiataxia, and sometimes intolerable intractable severe dysesthetic pain in half of the body
thalamic coma is caused by an infarct of the basilar artery that affects
reticular activating systems
Association systems:
Cortex ———-> ______——–>Cortex
Limbic———->_______——–>Frontal
Cortex ———-> Pulvinar——–>Cortex
Limbic———->Dorsomedia——–>Frontal
