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Neuroscience > brainstem: medulla > Flashcards

brainstem: medulla Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

lesions of long tract in brainstem result in a

A

contralateral deficit

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2
Q

does the medulla contain dorsal or ventral horns? What about white funiculi?

A

Nope, nope and nope

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3
Q

Alar plate gives rise to

A

sensory neurons

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4
Q

basal plate gives rise to

A

motor neurons

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5
Q

motor nuclei are _______ to sensory nuclei in the brainstem

A

medial

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6
Q

somatosensory nuclei are

A

most lateral

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7
Q

visceromotor and viscerosensory nuclei are

A

adjacent to the sulcus limitans

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8
Q

somatic motor column

A

hypoglossal nucleus

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9
Q

branchial motor column

A

N.Ambiguus

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10
Q

visceral motor column

A

dorsal motor nucleus of X

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11
Q

visceral sensory column

A

nucleus solitarius

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12
Q

somatic sensory column

A

spinal nucleus of V

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13
Q

were are most cranial nerve nuclei found?

A

in rostral medulla

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14
Q

where is the essential center for heart rate and respiration

A

in medullary reticular formation

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15
Q

what is important of the foramen of Luschka and Magendie

A

CSF exits to surround the CNS

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16
Q

the only visceral sensory nucleus in medulla

A

nucleus solitarius

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17
Q

major parasympathetic nucleus in the medulla

A

dorsal motor nucleus of X

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18
Q

innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal nucleus

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19
Q

innervation of the larynx, pharynx, and soft palette

A

nucleus ambiguus of IX and X

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20
Q

pain and temperature from the face and oral cavity

A

spinal V

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21
Q

what are the two major pathways that decussate in the closed/caudal medulla?

A
  1. motor decussation of the pyramidal tract

2. sensory decussation of the posterior/dorsal column pathway

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22
Q

pre-central gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

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23
Q

explain what happens if there is a lesion in the lateral corticospinal tract that are in the upper medulla and explain if the lesion was in the spinal cord

A
  • upper medulla: because the fibers have not yet decussated any lesions here would have contralateral deficits
  • at spinal cord level: fibers have decussated and thus any lesions would have ipsilateral deficits
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24
Q

group of neuronal cell bodies that function as a relay center on the coordination of information between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum

A

inferior olivary nucleus

25
Q

medial meniscus is formed from the fibers of the

A

dorsal/posterior column pathway

26
Q

where does the spinothalamic tract travels in the spinal cord and where is it localized in the medulla?

A

travels in the lateral funiculus and remains localized in the lateral aspect of the medulla

27
Q

hypoglossal lesions leads to paralysis of the tongue on the __________ and what happens?

A

side of the lesion and tongue deviates to the side of the lesion

28
Q

nucleus ambiguus lesion results in hoarsness and difficulty in swallowing in addition to (2)

A
  1. drooping of the soft palate

2. deviated uvula to unaffected side

29
Q

nucelus solitarious receives ____ and ____ from the viscera via cranial nerves VII, IX and X

A

taste and sensation

30
Q

lesions to the spinal nucleus of V results in

A

ipsilateral deficits

31
Q

spinal nucleus of V receives pain and temperature from the

A

face

32
Q

provides cortical input to the motor cranial nerve nuclei

A

corticobulbar pathway

33
Q

what is so special of the corticobulbar pathway?

A

innervates motor nuclei bilaterally except to the the lower face which has contralateral innervation

34
Q

the PPRF or lateral gaze center is located in the

A

caudal pons

35
Q

Where does CN V enters the brainstem

A

in the mid pons

36
Q

huge afferent tract to the cerebellum from the pons

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

37
Q

occlusion of the _______ can result in locked-in syndrome if there is bilateral destruction of the base of the pons

A

basilar artery

38
Q

contains crossing fibers in the auditory pathway

A

trapezoid body (caudal pons)

39
Q

lateral medullary lesions can result in ________

A

Horner’s syndrome

40
Q

auditory information is distributed ___________ in the CNS

A

bilaterally

41
Q

auditory information ascends bilaterally in the ____ ____ to the inferior colliculus which projects to the _____ ____ which projects to the auditory cortex

A

ascends in the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus which projects to the medial geniculate which projects to the auditory cortex

42
Q

communication between the nuclei CN V! and the contralateral CN III is provided by the

A

MLF- medial longitudinal fasciculus

43
Q

fibers of the facial nerve (CN VII) loop around the _____ _____ before exiting the brainstem

A

abducens nucleus (CN VI)

44
Q

nuclei of CN ____ are found throughout the brainstem

A

V

45
Q

level of the entry of the trigeminal nerve and the principal sensory nucleus and the motor nucleus of V

A

Mid-Pons

46
Q

locked- in syndrome

A

results from bilateral damage to the base of the pons

47
Q

N. solitarious receives input from

A

CN VII, CN IX, CN X

48
Q

Axons leaving N. Ambiguus travel with

A

CN IX and CN X

49
Q

Spinal V receives input primarily from

A

CNV but also VII, IX, and X

50
Q

damage to a cranial nerve or CN nucleus results in an ______ deficit

A

ipsilateral

51
Q

damage to the long tracts result in a _______ deficit

A

contralateral

52
Q

the lateral gaze center (PPRF) is located in the area of the nucleus of

A

CN VI

53
Q

tegmentum is prominent at

A

all levels s

54
Q

tectum is prominent at

A

the midbrain only

55
Q

from substantia nigra to caudate and putamen

A

nigrostriatal

56
Q

from VTA to limbic structures “reward circuit”

A

Mesolimbic

57
Q

from VTA to prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe functions)

A

mesocortical

58
Q

receives input from cerebellum origin of rubrospinal tract

A

red nucleus

59
Q

relay station in auditory pathway

A

inferior colliculi

Neuroscience (35 decks)

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