cellular basis of learning and memory

Question 1

habituation

Answer 1

decreasing response to a sensory stimulus

Question 2

sensitization

Answer 2

increasing response to a sensory stimulus

Question 3

Habituation physiology

Answer 3

decrease release of vesicle containing glutamate

Question 4

Short term sensitization physio

Answer 4

serotonin released by the interneuron causes an increase of Calcium coming into the sensory neuron releasing more glutamate

short acting: ~ one hour

Question 5

Long term sensitization

Answer 5

increase in protein synthesis

Question 6

associative conditioning

Answer 6

formation of an associative memory

• associating 2 sensory stimuli
• laso calle pavlovian conditioning

Question 7

long term potentiation induced by _____ frequency stimulation

Answer 7

high

Question 8

high frequency stimulation is due to an increase in

Answer 8

glutamate

Question 9

NMDA receptor channel only opens when post-synaptic neuron is

Answer 9

depolarized

Question 10

what displaces NMDA Mg2+ from channel?

Answer 10

glutamate activated the AMPA receptor leading to sodium passing through the channel. this causes the MG to be diplaced and now calcium can cross through the NMDA

Question 11

insertion of AMPA receptors leads to a stronger or weaker response?

Answer 11

stronger

Question 12

early LTP

Answer 12

• lasts 1-2 hr
• caused by single 100 hz high frequency stimulation
• cellular basis of short term memory

Question 13

Late LTP

Answer 13

• lasts days to weeks
• caused by multiple 100 hz high frequency stimulations
• cellular basis of long term memory

Question 14

molecular mechanism underlying early LTP

Answer 14

1. increase in calcium
2. activation of protein kinases
3. phosphorylation of receptors

Question 15

molecular mehcanism underlying late LTP

Answer 15

1. increase in calcium
2. activation of protein kinases
3. phosphorylation of CREB
4. increased gene expression and protein synthesis

Question 16

cal LTP be associative?

Answer 16

yea, think about the example of the pavlovian dog. food gives a strong stimulation while the bell gives a weak stimulation but the synapse is strengthened by the two stimulations until a bell is able to give the same increase in activation as a food stimulation

Question 17

learning and memory requires

Answer 17

changes in synaptic strength

Question 18

short term memory depends on ________ but not on _________

Answer 18

short term memory depends on protein phosphorylation but not on protein synthesis

Question 19

long term memory depends on both protein phosphorylation and protein synthesis?

Answer 19

yassssss

Question 20

NMDA receptors are essential for

Answer 20

associative conditioning

Question 21

too much LTP

Answer 21

epilepsy

Question 22

not enough LTP

Answer 22

• intellectual disability

- Alzheimer