Limbic system Flashcards
exam 2
with the activation of the fight or flight response, we see an _________ sympathetic response with an _____ cortisol and TH
we see an enhanced sympathetic response with an increased cortisol and TH
Limbic lobe forms a rim of cortex at junction between the _________ and __________
diencephalon and cerebral cortex
circuit for the anatomical substrate for emotion. A closed loop
Papez
what happens with individuals with tumors impinging upon the cingulum?
personality changes
kluver-bucy
behavioral syndrome from removal of medial temporal lobes
region involved in planning and choosing appropriate responses to life situations
orbital and medial prefrontal cortex
nuclei involved as a pleasure center, cholinergic input to hippocampus
septal nuclei
lesion of the sseptal nuclei
rage behavior
includes nucelus accumbens and ventral pallidum. involved in the pleasure circuit
ventral basal ganglia
limbic nucleus
dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
looks like a seahorse
hippocampus
Alzheimer’s disease implicates what structure of the limbic system. What do we see in these patients?
Hippocampus
we see them shrunk
The Hippocampus is essential for
factual or declarative memory
The hippocampal formation consists of the ________(contains stem cells) , the hippocampus proper and the subiculum.
when do we not see the stem cells?
dentate gyrus
we don’t see the stem cells in alzheimer’s disease
Which neurons are highly susceptible to anoxia?
FYI: can be damaged in near drowning incidents, epileptic seizures, brief loss of O2 during surgical procedures
CA1
Major route of information flow through the hippocampal formation is a ________ circuit.
one way
loss of the hippocampus
retrograde amnesia and no laying down of new memories
lesion to the CA1
anterograde amnesia
what is required in the consolidation process?
sleep!!
hippocampus has a direct or indirect role in emotion
indirect
limbic structure most specifically involved with emotional experience.
amygdala
amygdala made up of how many nuclei?
3
Subnuclei of the amygdaloid complex:
- Medial nucleus ——->
- Basolateral nucleus ——->
- Central ——>
- Medial nucleus ——-> olfactory connections
- Basolateral nucleus ——-> to cortex
- Central ——>Hypothalamus and BS
who plays a central role in fear and fear conditioning?
amygdala
two pathways of the amygdala
- low road (QUICK!!!)- emotional stimulus goes through the sensory thalamus which then goes directly to the amygdala to show an emotional response
- high road- difference with the low road because it goes through the sensory cortex first
amygdala when stimulated
fear, anxiety and aggression
amygdala when lesioned
placid and fearless
rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by Ca+ deposits – particularly in the amygdala
Urbach- Wiethe disease-
explicit memory about emotional situation
hippocampal system
implicit emotional memory and associations
amygdala system
conditioned reflexes
cerebellum
released during stress is thought to stabilize and strengthen memories
Noradrenaline
which structure is impacted by chronic stress
hippocampus
