cerebral cortex Flashcards
exam 2
a depression or fissure in the surface of the brain separating gyri.
sulcus
Any of the prominent, rounded, elevated convolutions on the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.
gyrus
Larger sulci are termed
fissures
divides the brain into the left and right hemispheres.
Sagital sulcus (Longitudinal fissure)
Sulcus immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe.
Precentral sulcus
divides the frontal from the parietal lobe.
Central sulcus
Sulcus immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe.
Postcentral sulcus
A long,deep sulcus on the lateral aspect of each cerebral hemisphere which separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cortex.
Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian fissure)
divides the brain into the left and right hemispheres.
Sagital sulcus (Longitudinal fissure)
separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.
Parietoccipital sulcus
A lateral sulcus in the parietal lobe.
Intraparietal sulcus
Sulci separating the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri.
Superior and inferior frontal sulci
Sulci separating the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri.
Superior and inferior temporal sulci
Most dorsal gyrus in the frontal lobe.
superior frontal gyrus
Middle gyrus in the frontal lobe (residing between superior and inferior frontal gyri).
Middle frontal gyrus
Most ventral gyrus in the frontal lobe.
Inferior frontal gyrus
Gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus.
Precentral gyrus
Gyrus immediately posterior to the central sulcus.
Postcentral gyrus
Most dorsal gyri in the temporal lobe.
Superior temporal gyrus
Middle gyrus in the temporal lobe (residing between the superior and inferior temporal gyri).
Middle temporal gyrus
Most ventral gyri in the temporal lobe.
Inferior temporal gyrus
Brodmann areas 1, 2 and 3 are the
primary somatosensory cortex.
Brodmann area 4 is the
primary motor cortex.
what is broadmann areas?
regions of the brain based on the cytoarchitecture
The ___________ is a white matter track that connects the two hemispheres.
corpus callosum
Language is primarily controlled in the _____ hemisphere AND the _____ hemisphere controls the contralateral (left) motor movements.
Language is primarily controlled in the left hemisphere AND the right hemisphere controls the contralateral (left) motor movements.
Frontal lobe:
- Location:
- Major areas:
- Primary functions:
- Premotor cortex:
- Motor cortex:
- Areas of the motor cortex correspond geographically to the parts of the body they control, which is mapped out by the ______
- Location: anterior to the Central Sulcus
- Major areas: Prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, frontal eye fields, Broca’s area.
- Primary functions: motor function
- Premotor cortex: involved in planning movement
- Motor cortex: executes movement.
Areas of the motor cortex correspond geographically to the parts of the body they control, which is mapped out by the homunculus
The Premotor cortex is located in the
frontal lobe, anterior to the primary motor area.
This area is devoted to an elaboration of the business of the associated primary area and involves motor functions associated with high-level intellectual functions.
premotor cortex (motor association cortex)
where is Broca’s area located?
left frontal lobe
what is Broca’s area?
controls muscles involved in speech
what happens with Broca’s aphasia?
speech is difficult
what is the prefrontal cortex involved with? what does it do?
social judgment
plays a role in inhibiting impulsive thoughts to tailor behavior to fit social norms
corticospinal primary neurons are found in the
motor cortex
what is the deal with Phineas gage?
injury to the left frontal lobe leading to a complete personality change
Parietal lobe
- Location:
- Major areas:
- Primary functions:
- Location: Posterior to the Central Sulcus
- Major areas: Primary sensory cortex.
- Primary functions: Sensory function
is there a lot of plasticity in the cerebral cortex?
yassssss
lollll touchscreen phones usage have shown to increase blood flow to the part of the cortex
The ascending dorsal column and spinothalamic pathways project to the _________ via the thalamus.
primary sensory cortex
lesions to the primary sensory cortex
results in loss of sensation in parts of the body corresponding to the injured area
CONTRALATERAL!!!!!
The second somatosensory area (S2) is located
posterior to the primary somatosensory area (S1).
This area is devoted to an elaboration of the business of the associated primary area and involves sensory functions associated with high-level intellectual functions, such as spatial attention.
second somatosensory area (S2)
Involved in visual and cognitive attention.
parietal lobe
what happens if you have a unilateral lesion in the parietal lobe?
what is a classical example of this type of lesion does not allow one to do?
results in contralateral neglect in which patients fail to pay attention to the contralateral side.
- patient with a right side parietal lesion will not be able to draw the left hand side of the clock
Occipital lobe:
- Location:
- Major areas:
- Primary functions:
- Location: The most posterior region of the cortex.
- Major areas: Primary visual cortex, association visual cortex.
- Primary functions: Vision
what is the function of of the primary visual cortex?
receives inputs from the retina via the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
where is the primary visual cortex located?
along the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe
Temporal lobe:
- Location:
- Major areas:
- Primary functions:
- Location: Lateral to the Sylvian fissure.
- Major areas: Primary auditory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, Wernicke’s area
- Primary functions: Auditory function, memory, emotion, language comprehension
where is the primary auditory cortex located?
in the superior temporal gyrus
is located in the transverse temporal gyri in the primary auditory cortex buried within the lateral sulcus (Brodmann areas 41 and 42).
Heschl’s gyrus
located in the posterior third of the superior temporal gyrus, close to the auditory cortex.
wernicke’s area
what is the importance of Wernicke’s area?
important for the comprehension of speech
what happens in wernicke’s aphasia?
able to speak but it makes no sense
Activation of _________ during Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia
Heschl’s Gyrus
