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Neuroscience > cerebral cortex > Flashcards

cerebral cortex Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

a depression or fissure in the surface of the brain separating gyri.

A

sulcus

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2
Q

Any of the prominent, rounded, elevated convolutions on the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.

A

gyrus

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3
Q

Larger sulci are termed

A

fissures

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4
Q

divides the brain into the left and right hemispheres.

A

Sagital sulcus (Longitudinal fissure)

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5
Q

Sulcus immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe.

A

Precentral sulcus

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6
Q

divides the frontal from the parietal lobe.

A

Central sulcus

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7
Q

Sulcus immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe.

A

Postcentral sulcus

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8
Q

A long,deep sulcus on the lateral aspect of each cerebral hemisphere which separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cortex.

A

Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

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9
Q

divides the brain into the left and right hemispheres.

A

Sagital sulcus (Longitudinal fissure)

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10
Q

separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.

A

Parietoccipital sulcus

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11
Q

A lateral sulcus in the parietal lobe.

A

Intraparietal sulcus

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12
Q

Sulci separating the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri.

A

Superior and inferior frontal sulci

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13
Q

Sulci separating the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri.

A

Superior and inferior temporal sulci

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14
Q

Most dorsal gyrus in the frontal lobe.

A

superior frontal gyrus

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15
Q

Middle gyrus in the frontal lobe (residing between superior and inferior frontal gyri).

A

Middle frontal gyrus

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16
Q

Most ventral gyrus in the frontal lobe.

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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17
Q

Gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus.

A

Precentral gyrus

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18
Q

Gyrus immediately posterior to the central sulcus.

A

Postcentral gyrus

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19
Q

Most dorsal gyri in the temporal lobe.

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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20
Q

Middle gyrus in the temporal lobe (residing between the superior and inferior temporal gyri).

A

Middle temporal gyrus

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21
Q

Most ventral gyri in the temporal lobe.

A

Inferior temporal gyrus

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22
Q

Brodmann areas 1, 2 and 3 are the

A

primary somatosensory cortex.

23
Q

Brodmann area 4 is the

A

primary motor cortex.

24
Q

what is broadmann areas?

A

regions of the brain based on the cytoarchitecture

25
Q

The ___________ is a white matter track that connects the two hemispheres.

A

corpus callosum

26
Q

Language is primarily controlled in the _____ hemisphere AND the _____ hemisphere controls the contralateral (left) motor movements.

A

Language is primarily controlled in the left hemisphere AND the right hemisphere controls the contralateral (left) motor movements.

27
Q

Frontal lobe:

  • Location:
  • Major areas:
  • Primary functions:
  • Premotor cortex:
  • Motor cortex:
  • Areas of the motor cortex correspond geographically to the parts of the body they control, which is mapped out by the ______
A
  • Location: anterior to the Central Sulcus
  • Major areas: Prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, frontal eye fields, Broca’s area.
  • Primary functions: motor function
  • Premotor cortex: involved in planning movement
  • Motor cortex: executes movement.

Areas of the motor cortex correspond geographically to the parts of the body they control, which is mapped out by the homunculus

28
Q

The Premotor cortex is located in the

A

frontal lobe, anterior to the primary motor area.

29
Q

This area is devoted to an elaboration of the business of the associated primary area and involves motor functions associated with high-level intellectual functions.

A

premotor cortex (motor association cortex)

30
Q

where is Broca’s area located?

A

left frontal lobe

31
Q

what is Broca’s area?

A

controls muscles involved in speech

32
Q

what happens with Broca’s aphasia?

A

speech is difficult

33
Q

what is the prefrontal cortex involved with? what does it do?

A

social judgment

plays a role in inhibiting impulsive thoughts to tailor behavior to fit social norms

34
Q

corticospinal primary neurons are found in the

A

motor cortex

35
Q

what is the deal with Phineas gage?

A

injury to the left frontal lobe leading to a complete personality change

36
Q

Parietal lobe

  • Location:
  • Major areas:
  • Primary functions:
A
  • Location: Posterior to the Central Sulcus
  • Major areas: Primary sensory cortex.
  • Primary functions: Sensory function
37
Q

is there a lot of plasticity in the cerebral cortex?

A

yassssss

lollll touchscreen phones usage have shown to increase blood flow to the part of the cortex

38
Q

The ascending dorsal column and spinothalamic pathways project to the _________ via the thalamus.

A

primary sensory cortex

39
Q

lesions to the primary sensory cortex

A

results in loss of sensation in parts of the body corresponding to the injured area

CONTRALATERAL!!!!!

40
Q

The second somatosensory area (S2) is located

A

posterior to the primary somatosensory area (S1).

41
Q

This area is devoted to an elaboration of the business of the associated primary area and involves sensory functions associated with high-level intellectual functions, such as spatial attention.

A

second somatosensory area (S2)

42
Q

Involved in visual and cognitive attention.

A

parietal lobe

43
Q

what happens if you have a unilateral lesion in the parietal lobe?

what is a classical example of this type of lesion does not allow one to do?

A

results in contralateral neglect in which patients fail to pay attention to the contralateral side.

  • patient with a right side parietal lesion will not be able to draw the left hand side of the clock
44
Q

Occipital lobe:

  • Location:
  • Major areas:
  • Primary functions:
A
  • Location: The most posterior region of the cortex.
  • Major areas: Primary visual cortex, association visual cortex.
  • Primary functions: Vision
45
Q

what is the function of of the primary visual cortex?

A

receives inputs from the retina via the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).

46
Q

where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

along the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe

47
Q

Temporal lobe:

  • Location:
  • Major areas:
  • Primary functions:
A
  • Location: Lateral to the Sylvian fissure.
  • Major areas: Primary auditory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, Wernicke’s area
  • Primary functions: Auditory function, memory, emotion, language comprehension
48
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

in the superior temporal gyrus

49
Q

is located in the transverse temporal gyri in the primary auditory cortex buried within the lateral sulcus (Brodmann areas 41 and 42).

A

Heschl’s gyrus

50
Q

located in the posterior third of the superior temporal gyrus, close to the auditory cortex.

A

wernicke’s area

51
Q

what is the importance of Wernicke’s area?

A

important for the comprehension of speech

52
Q

what happens in wernicke’s aphasia?

A

able to speak but it makes no sense

53
Q

Activation of _________ during Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia

A

Heschl’s Gyrus

Neuroscience (35 decks)

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