intracranial tumors Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

most common glioma

A

glioblastoma

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2
Q

most common in pediatric population

A

medulloblastoma

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3
Q

extra-axial

A

outside of the brain

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4
Q

intra-axial

A

in the brain substance

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5
Q

neuro-epithelial tumors (3)

A
  1. glioma
  2. ependymoma
  3. neuronal tumor
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6
Q

ependyome tend to occur

A

between the ventricles

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7
Q

Grade 1

example

A

low grade; circumscribed

  • pilocytic astrocytoma: occurs in children
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8
Q

Grade 2

A

diffusely infiltrating

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9
Q

Grade 3

A

anaplastic; mitotic figures

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10
Q

Glioblastoma 4

A

endothelial proliferation and/or necrosis

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11
Q

Gliomas (2)

A
  1. Astrocytoma

2. oligodendroglioma

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12
Q

Case 1:

  • lost while driving home
  • not shaving left side of face
  • not dressing on left
A

left homonophesis hemipolgia

  • non-dominant parietal syndrome; hemi-neglect
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13
Q

pilocytic

A

wavy cells

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14
Q

pilocytic astrocytoma

A
  • benign, slow growing tumor pediatric
  • in cerebellum
  • cerebellar signs; headaches
  • might block CSF; secondary hydrocephalus leading to an icnrease in pressure and induce vomiting
    tx. : surgical excision
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15
Q
  • horse hair
  • biphasic pattern
  • rosenthal fibers: intracytoplasmic pink stuff
A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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16
Q

Low grade astrocytoma; diffuse

A
  • malignant tumor
  • diffuse infiltrating mass–> they do not look different from normal brain
  • on MRI in T1 they look hypodense and look white in T2
17
Q
  • hypercellular
  • irregular nuclei, hyperchromatic, atypia;
  • mitosis absent or rare
A

low grade astrocytoma

18
Q

Anaplastic astrocytoma

A
  • malignnt tumor
  • looks swollen on MRI

prognosis is poor; more about quality

19
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme

A
  • high grade
  • necrotic
  • worst kind is that that affects the corpus collosum
  • looks like a butterfly on MRI
20
Q
  • a lot of cells

nuclei look different

red patches

A

anaplastic astrocytoma

21
Q
  • areas of death: densely cellular with nuclear atypia
  • palisading necrosis

hemorrhagic change

A

Glioblastoma

22
Q

oligodendroglioma

A
  • seizures

- curable if they can be resected completely

23
Q
  • perinuclear clearing “fried eggs”
  • calcification (dark purple areaa)

vascular satellitosis

A

oligodendroglioma

24
Q
  • hoarsness and trouble swallowing
  • headaches
  • progressed projectile vomiting
  • several month history of spontnaeous worse in the morning
A

tumor in the brainstem

  • ependymoma
25
Q

ependymoma

A
  • low grade
  • occur in ventricular system and spinal cord

-

26
Q

Myxopapillary subtype

A

occurs in the conus medullaris-filum region

associated with ependymoma

27
Q
  • moderately cellular, ovioid monomorphic nuclei
  • ependymal rosettes
  • perivascular pseudorosette
A

ependymoma

28
Q

Neuronal tumor

A
  • rare
    -low grade
  • occur in temporal lobe
  • ## associated with those with chronic seizure disorder
29
Q

extra-axial tumors

A
  1. meningioma (in the dura)
30
Q

case 3:

  • food taste bland
  • headache
  • papilledema
A

front lobe

  • clinoidal meningioma
31
Q

meningioma

A
  • slow growing benign dural based tumor
  • arise from arachinoidal cap cells
  • more common in female
  • tx. surgery and then radiation
32
Q
  • Dural tail
  • whorls
  • somoma bodies
A

meningioma

33
Q

Hemangioblastoma

A
  • highly vascular
  • benign
  • occurs sporadically or past of the VHL
  • most common primary cerebellar tumor in the adult
  • chromosome 3
34
Q

VHL

A

HGB of cerebellum, retina, brainstem, spinal cord

35
Q

sellar tumors

A
  • pituitary adenoma
  • 2 subtypes:
    functionl and non-functional
  • slow growing
  • endocrinological dysfunction
  • visual loss
36
Q

Most common functional sellar tumors

A
  • prolactin
  • growth hormone- acromegaly
  • Cortisol- cushing’s disease
37
Q

Moon face

A

adrenal gland functional sellar tumor

38
Q

cranial nerve tumors

A
  • benign tumor of schawnn cells
  • most common CN8
  • slow growing
  • balance issues, tinnitus
  • might affect CN 7 but it has to be a big tumor
  • Bilateral? NF-2
  • chromosome 22
39
Q
  • verocay bodies
  • antoni A: dense : school of fish”
  • antoni B: loose and fatty looking
A

Swanomma