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Spinal cord Flashcards

exam 1- written

1
Q

elaborated by the choroid plexus in the ventricles

A

CSF

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2
Q

At birth the spinal cord ends between

A

L2/L3

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3
Q

in adults the spinal cord ends between

A

L1/L2

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4
Q

cervical enlargement

A

C5-T1

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5
Q

Lumbar enlargement

A

L3-S2

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6
Q

how is the spinal cord segment defined?

A

by a pair of spinal nerves

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7
Q

Dorsal root is

A

sensory

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8
Q

Ventral root is

A

motor

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9
Q

muscle innervated by a single nerve root constitute a

A

myotome

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10
Q

Stretch Reflex:
Striking the patellar tendon activates ________________, which then monosynaptically excite ______________ that innervate the stretched muscle.

A

Stretch Reflex:
Striking the patellar tendon activates muscle spindle primary endings, which then monosynaptically excite alpha motor neurons that innervate the stretched muscle.

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11
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition:
Striking the patellar tendon initiates a stretch reflex (excitation of the quadriceps) and it also causes _______ of the motor neurons to the antagonist hamstring muscles.

A

Reciprocal Inhibition:
Striking the patellar tendon initiates a stretch reflex (excitation of the quadriceps) and it also causes inhibition of the motor neurons to the antagonist hamstring muscles.

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12
Q

gray matter is divided into

A

dorsal and ventral horns

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13
Q

white matter iis divided into

A

funiculi… bundle of nerve fibers

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14
Q

Phrenic nucleus found in

A

C3-C5

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15
Q

Substantia gelationiosa

found in

A

All

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16
Q

Body of posterior horn found in

A

All

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17
Q

Clarke’s nucleus found in

A

T1-L2

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18
Q

Intermediolateral column found in

A

T1-L3

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19
Q

Parasympathetic nucleus found in

A

S2-S4

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20
Q

Accessory nucleus found in

A

medulla- C5

21
Q

Substantia gelatinosa function

A

modulate transmission of pain and temperature information sensory processing

22
Q

Body of posterior horn function

A

sensory processing

23
Q

Clarke’s nucleus function

A

posterior spinocerebellar cells

24
Q

longitudinal organization

which side of the body to which cortex?

A

long tracts bringing information to and from cortex

left cortex to right side of body

25
Q

somatotopic organization

A

arranged systematically according to parts of the body surface

26
Q

Dorsal root ganglion neuron

A

1st order neuron

27
Q

Brainstem or spinal cord neuron

A

2nd order neuron

28
Q

Thalamus neuron

A

3rd order neuron

29
Q

Dorsal column pathway modalities (3)

A
  1. position sense
  2. vibration sense
  3. 2- point discriminatory touch
30
Q

Cuneate Fasciculus goes from

A

T5 and above

31
Q

Gracile Fasciculus is from

A

T6 and below

32
Q

Spinothalamic pathway modalities

A

localization of pain and temperature

33
Q

True or False:

long tract lesions cause deficits at the level of the lesion and below

34
Q

Suspended sensory loss lesions

A

do not involve the long tracts and therefore they reveal a band-like distribution of deficit

35
Q

the spinothalamic tract goes through which other tract

A

Lissauer’s tract

36
Q

origin of the spinothalamic tract from the ________, from neurons in _______ ______ and deeper neurons

A

Dorsal horn and Substantia Gelatinosa

37
Q

pain seeming to originate from a specific area of the body surfaces as a result of a damaged internal organ

A

referred pain

38
Q

corticospinal pathway is for (1) and it is defined into (2)

A

(1) voluntary fine movement of distal extremities

(2) upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron

39
Q

Cell body in cortex (axon traverses brainstem and SC)

A

upper motor neuron

40
Q

cell body in ventral horn of the spinal cord (axon heads to striated muscle)

A

lower motor neuron

41
Q

Clonus

A

upper motor neuron lesion

42
Q

Spastic paralysis

A

upper motor neuron lesion

43
Q

hyperreflexia

A

upper motor neuron lesion

44
Q

clasp knife reflex

A

upper motor neuron lesion

45
Q

babinski sign reflex

A

upper motor neuron lesion

46
Q

Flaccid paralysis

A

lower motor neuron lesion

47
Q

atrophy

A

lower motor neuron lesion

48
Q

fasciculation (anterior horn cell involvment)

A

lower motor neuron lesion

49
Q

diminished reflexes

A

lower motor neuron lesion

Neuroscience (35 decks)

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