Hypothalamus

Question 1

Select regions where blood-brain-barrier is interrupted allowing chemical communication between the brain and the systemic circulation

Answer 1

circumventricular organs

Question 2

control of the pituitary and considered a circumventricular organ

Answer 2

median eminence

Question 3

Through descending connections with the brainstem and spinal cord, the hypothalamus regulates the _______________

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system.

Question 4

Sites associated with parasympathetic function tend to be located in the___________

Answer 4

anterior hypothalamus

Question 5

Sites associated with sympathetic function tend to be located in the______________

Answer 5

posterior hypothalamus

Question 6

Preoptic Area and Anterior Hypothalamus (P)

does what to HR and BP?

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

Lateral and Posterior Hypothalamus (S)

does what to HR and BP?

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

Hypothalamic control of the endocrine system

through the _______ (neural system) and ______ (humoral system)

Answer 8

magnocellular system and parvicellular system

Question 9

The ________ and ________ nuclei comprise the magnocellular system.

Answer 9

paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON)

Question 10

megnocellular system neurons synthesize what type of hormones

Answer 10

oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 11

hormone responsible with water resorption by the kidney

Answer 11

vasopressin

Question 12

hormone responsible with milk letdown, uterine contraction, pair bonding

Answer 12

oxytocin

Question 13

The parvicellular system influences the pituitary via the vasculature—>

Answer 13

(hypophyseal portal vessels)

Question 14

Anterior lobe is part of the parvicellular system that is involved with small diameter hypothalamic neurons that synthesize ____ and_____ factors that modulate synthesis and secretion of ant. pituitary hormones

Answer 14

releasing and inhibiting factors

Question 15

The Hypothalamus responds to stress by releasing

Answer 15

CRH- corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 16

what acts as a feedback signal for CRH release

Answer 16

cortisol

Question 17

master clock of the brain; day night rhythms, retinal input

Answer 17

superchiasmatic nucleus

Question 18

synthesis of Oxytocin and Vasopressin (other functions include autonomic regulation, stress axis, metabolism);

Answer 18

paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

Question 19

temperature regulation, heat dissipation;

Answer 19

anterior nucleus

Question 20

VMN, DMN, LF and Arcuate involved in

Answer 20

food intake and metabolism

Question 21

periventricular nuclei involves the

Answer 21

reproductive cycles

Question 22

It is a hormone produced by fat tissue that acts in the brain to modulate food intake and functions in feedback loops that regulate metabolism and body weight

Answer 22

leptin

Question 23

elevated leptin levels involves the stimulation of _________ that leads to the ______ of feeding behavior

Answer 23

the stimulation of anorexic peptides that leads to the inhibition of feeding behavior

Question 24

decreased leptin levels leads to an increase in ______ and ______ feeding behavior leading to a ______ metabolism

Answer 24

increase in orexigenic peptides that leads to a stimulation of feeding behavior and decreased metabolism

Question 25

Associated with destruction of the mammillary bodies (and dorsomedial thalamus)

• associated with poor diets and alcoholism
• results in confabulatory amnesia

Answer 25

korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 26

posterior nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus is involved in

Answer 26

heat conservation

Question 27

preoptic area of the hypothalamus involved in

Answer 27

heat dissipation

Question 28

Efferents from the hypothalamus

Answer 28

• amygdala
• thalamus
• pituitary gland
• visceral motor nuclei

Question 29

Afferents to the hypothalamus

Answer 29

• retina
• Spinothalamic tract
• visceral nuclei
• physical stimuli
• limbic structures: hippocampus, amygdala and septal nuclei