Hypothalamus Flashcards
exam 2
Select regions where blood-brain-barrier is interrupted allowing chemical communication between the brain and the systemic circulation
circumventricular organs
control of the pituitary and considered a circumventricular organ
median eminence
Through descending connections with the brainstem and spinal cord, the hypothalamus regulates the _______________
autonomic nervous system.
Sites associated with parasympathetic function tend to be located in the___________
anterior hypothalamus
Sites associated with sympathetic function tend to be located in the______________
posterior hypothalamus
Preoptic Area and Anterior Hypothalamus (P)
does what to HR and BP?
decrease
Lateral and Posterior Hypothalamus (S)
does what to HR and BP?
increase
Hypothalamic control of the endocrine system
through the _______ (neural system) and ______ (humoral system)
magnocellular system and parvicellular system
The ________ and ________ nuclei comprise the magnocellular system.
paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON)
megnocellular system neurons synthesize what type of hormones
oxytocin and vasopressin
hormone responsible with water resorption by the kidney
vasopressin
hormone responsible with milk letdown, uterine contraction, pair bonding
oxytocin
The parvicellular system influences the pituitary via the vasculature—>
(hypophyseal portal vessels)
Anterior lobe is part of the parvicellular system that is involved with small diameter hypothalamic neurons that synthesize ____ and_____ factors that modulate synthesis and secretion of ant. pituitary hormones
releasing and inhibiting factors
The Hypothalamus responds to stress by releasing
CRH- corticotropin releasing hormone
what acts as a feedback signal for CRH release
cortisol
master clock of the brain; day night rhythms, retinal input
superchiasmatic nucleus
synthesis of Oxytocin and Vasopressin (other functions include autonomic regulation, stress axis, metabolism);
paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
temperature regulation, heat dissipation;
anterior nucleus
VMN, DMN, LF and Arcuate involved in
food intake and metabolism
periventricular nuclei involves the
reproductive cycles
It is a hormone produced by fat tissue that acts in the brain to modulate food intake and functions in feedback loops that regulate metabolism and body weight
leptin
elevated leptin levels involves the stimulation of _________ that leads to the ______ of feeding behavior
the stimulation of anorexic peptides that leads to the inhibition of feeding behavior
decreased leptin levels leads to an increase in ______ and ______ feeding behavior leading to a ______ metabolism
increase in orexigenic peptides that leads to a stimulation of feeding behavior and decreased metabolism
Associated with destruction of the mammillary bodies (and dorsomedial thalamus)
- associated with poor diets and alcoholism
- results in confabulatory amnesia
korsakoff’s syndrome
posterior nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus is involved in
heat conservation
preoptic area of the hypothalamus involved in
heat dissipation
Efferents from the hypothalamus
- amygdala
- thalamus
- pituitary gland
- visceral motor nuclei
Afferents to the hypothalamus
- retina
- Spinothalamic tract
- visceral nuclei
- physical stimuli
- limbic structures: hippocampus, amygdala and septal nuclei
