basal ganglia

Question 1

striatum receives input from

Answer 1

cortex

Question 2

blood supply to striatum

Answer 2

br. of ACA and MCA

Question 3

main out put to the thalamus

Answer 3

globus pallidus

Question 4

blood supply of the globus pallidus

Answer 4

anterior choroidal artery, lateral striate arteries and MCA

Question 5

what is a key component of the indirect pathway?

Answer 5

subthalamic nucleus

Question 6

blood supply to subthalamic nucleus

Answer 6

branches of PCA and PCOM

Question 7

pars compacta

Answer 7

produces dopamine

Question 8

pars reticulata

Answer 8

output to thalamus

Question 9

blood supply to substantia nigra

Answer 9

br. of PCA and PCOM

Question 10

key inhibitor/activator of striatal activity

Answer 10

substantia nigra

Question 11

what is the most medial structure of the basal ganglia

Answer 11

Globus pallidus

Question 12

tell me about the vessels of the basal gnaglia

Answer 12

very vulnerable for hemorrhage

Question 13

what type of motor system is the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

extrapyramidal

Question 14

dopamine activates the direct pathway via

Answer 14

D1 receptors

Question 15

dopamine in the direct pathway leads to a

Answer 15

stronger net activation

Question 16

facilitaates voluntary movement “stepping on the gas”

Answer 16

direct pathway

Question 17

dopamine inhibits the indirect pathway via

Answer 17

D2 receptors

Question 18

inhibits involuntary movements “hitting the brakes”

Answer 18

indirect pathway

Question 19

bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability

Answer 19

parkinson

Question 20

is there a slightly more male prevalence in parkinson’s dx.?

Answer 20

yas

Question 21

what happens to the direct pathway in parkinson?

Answer 21

there is a decreased net activation due to the low dopamine

Question 22

lewys bodies are found

Answer 22

substantia nigra, olfactory bulb and anywhere in the CNS

Question 23

what are some of the treatments for parkinson

Answer 23

medications: like L-dopa or medications that either act like dopamine (agonists) or prolong dopamine activity

surgery- lesioning or deep brain stimulation. targets are STN and GP

Question 24

huntigton’s caused by a

Answer 24

CAG repeats

Question 25

pathology of huntigton’s

Answer 25

neuronal loss and gliosis in striatum leading to atrophy and chorea

Question 26

what inhibits the indirect pathway?

Answer 26

dopamine

Question 27

oscillatory movements

Answer 27

tremor

Question 28

violent, flailing movements

Answer 28

hemiballismus

Question 29

rapid, jerky movements

Answer 29

myoclonus

Question 30

involuntary contractions

Answer 30

dystonia

Question 31

semivoluntary, stereotyped movements

Answer 31

tics