eye physio

Question 1

what is the structure that gives color to the eye?

Answer 1

iris

Question 2

anterior chamber filled with

Answer 2

aqueous humor

Question 3

posterior chamber filled with

Answer 3

vitreous humor

Question 4

Lens: ____ of focusing power

Answer 4

1/3

Question 5

is the image inverted when looking at an object?

Answer 5

yassss

Question 6

light from fixation point falls on

Answer 6

fovea (high acuity)

Question 7

cones allow for

Answer 7

color
daytime
low light sensitivity

Question 8

rods allow for

Answer 8

black and white

high light sensitivity

Question 9

do cones have different areas of color spectrum absorbance?

Answer 9

yasss

Blue at 420
green at 534
red at 564

Question 10

are there more rods than cones?

where are they distributed?

Answer 10

more rods than cones but the rods are located in the periphery vs cones located in the fovea

Question 11

macula has a yellow pigmetn?

Answer 11

yass

Question 12

nerve fibers from the temporal retina remain

Answer 12

ipsilateral

Question 13

damage to optic nerve

Answer 13

loss of vision in one eye

Question 14

damage to optic track

Answer 14

loss of half visual space- hemianopoia

Question 15

Nerve fibers from the retina then proceed to the ________ nucleus of the thalamus where they synapse

Answer 15

Latergenicualte nucleus

Question 16

fibers from the nasal retinas

Answer 16

cross over in the optic chiasm to from the optic tract

Question 17

Fibers carrying information about the upper visual space sweep further out into the temporal lobe _______ and then proceed to the ________ ventral to the calcarine fissure

Answer 17

(meyer’s loop) and then proceed to the lingual gyrus

Question 18

While fibers carrying information from the lower visual space run ______ and synapse _____ to the calcarine fissure

Answer 18

more medially and synapse dorsal

Question 19

Convergence _______ as one moves away from the fovea by enhancing the sensitivity at the expense of spatial resolution

Answer 19

increases

• by enhancing the sensitivity at the expense of spatial resolution

Question 20

rhodopsin activation involves retinal isomerization

what happens?

Answer 20

11-cis-retinal to 11-trans-retinal

Question 21

age related macular degeneration (MAD)

Symptoms

• Early stage:
• Middle stage:
• Later stages:

Answer 21

Symptoms

• Early stage: No symptoms
• Middle stage:
  
  • –>Blurred central vision. Often objects look distorted and dim, and colors look faded.
• –>Straight lines may appear distorted and wavy
• –>A blurred or dark spot in the center of vision gradually gets larger and darker.
• Later stages:
• –>The patient may not be able to recognize faces until they are close

—>typically does not affect side (peripheral) vision.

Question 22

what is the progression of MAD?

Answer 22

Dry or wet

Question 23

retinitis pigmentosa caused by

Answer 23

1. genetic inheritance: AD, AR or X-linked

2. mutation in Rhosopsin- most common mutation is to the beta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase/ PDF

Question 24

what are the symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 24

• Decreased vision at night or in low light, usually starts in childhood.
• Loss of side (peripheral) vision, causing “tunnel vision”.
• Loss of central vision in advanced cases.

Question 25

sign of retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 25

black bone-spicule pigmentation

Question 26

the two stages of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 26

1. non-proliferative

2. proliferative

Question 27

cotton wool spots

Answer 27

diabetic retinopathy

Question 28

build up of pressure in the eye leads to daamage of the optic nerve head

Answer 28

glaucoma

Question 29

types of glaucoma

Answer 29

1. open angle
2. closed angle
3. congenital: improper development of trabecular network