Testvl5 Flashcards
What are the two components of emotions?
Subjektiv erfahrbare und objektiv erfassbare Komponenten
These components promote goal-directed behavior and help organisms adapt to their living conditions.
How do moods differ from emotions?
Moods are longer-lasting and less intense than emotions
Emotions are tied to specific objects or events.
What are dimensional conceptions of emotions?
Emotions can be categorized by their quantitative expression across various dimensions such as valence and intensity
This contrasts with categorical conceptions.
What are categorical conceptions of emotions?
Emotions are viewed as distinct, qualitatively different phenomena like sadness, joy, and fear
It is assumed that complex emotions arise from basic or primary emotions.
List the six basic emotions according to Ekman.
- Freude
- Traurigkeit
- Überraschung
- Ekel
- Furcht
- Wut
These emotions are universally expressed and recognized across cultures.
What influences attention focus in emotional contexts?
Visual search for emotion-laden stimuli is quicker for fear-relevant cues like snakes and spiders
This highlights the adaptive significance of emotional responses.
What is biological preparedness in the context of emotions?
Stronger conditioning for fear of snakes/spiders compared to flowers
Some conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli pair particularly well.
What is the emotional Stroop test?
Participants name the color of words that are emotionally neutral, positive, or negative
Results show slower color naming for words that are highly negatively charged.
What factors influence the recall of emotional events?
- Strength of emotion
- Frequency of the event
- Timing of memory retrieval
Both positive and negative events can be better remembered, but this is not universally applicable.
What are the seven sins of memory related to forgetting?
- Transience
- Absent-mindedness
- Blocking
These relate to failures in memory recall.
What are the seven sins of memory related to distortion?
- Suggestibility
- Bias
- Persistence
- Misattribution
These involve inaccurate or unwanted recollections.
What is suggestibility in the context of memory?
Mixing false information with what is remembered, often due to leading questions or deception
This is a common issue in eyewitness testimonies and therapy.
What does the reliability of eyewitness testimonies depend on?
The susceptibility to distortion from later information and suggestive questioning
This can lead to significant inaccuracies in memory.
What is the conclusion regarding emotional material and memory?
Emotionally charged material is remembered better than neutral material
However, memory is not perfect due to reconstruction processes leading to errors.
Fill in the blank: Emotions enable organisms to _______.
[adapt to their living conditions]
What type of material is better remembered than neutral material?
Emotional material
Emotional content tends to have a stronger impact on memory retention.
What is a key aspect of memory processes?
Reconstruction processes can lead to memory errors
Memory is not perfect and can be altered during recall.
How do emotions influence judgments?
Judgments depend on the prevailing emotion of the person making the assessment
This affects whether something is seen as positive, negative, or neutral.
In the study by Forgas & Moylan (1988), what were the emotional states of cinema visitors?
Happy, sad, or aggressive
The study assessed how these emotions influenced their judgments.
What was observed in individuals in a positive mood regarding information usage?
They use less information and adopt more direct problem-solving approaches
Positive emotions can enhance creativity and unconventional thinking.
What is the effect of negative emotions on problem-solving?
They focus more on details
Negative emotions can narrow attention and hinder holistic thinking.
What is the relationship between positive emotions and creativity?
Positive emotions lead to more creative, flexible, and open thinking
This enhances diagnostic abilities in fields like medicine and law.
What are the two roles of emotions in research?
Emotions as independent and dependent variables
They can influence cognitive processes and social interactions or be influenced by other variables.
What methods are used for emotion induction in the laboratory?
Film clips, images, auditory stimuli, imagination, and memory
These methods help to evoke specific emotional responses in participants.
What is the International Affective Picture System (IAPS)?
A comprehensive standardized collection of over 1000 emotion-inducing color images
It categorizes various human experiences and emotional triggers.
How do different sound intervals affect emotions?
High tones are associated with positive emotions, while low tones are linked to negative emotions
Dissonant chords can evoke feelings of fear.
What types of music have been used to induce positive and negative moods?
Mozart or Vivaldi for positive moods; Mahler or Rachmaninov for negative moods
Music can significantly influence emotional states.
What is the effect of body contact on mood?
Touch and body contact can positively influence mood
Activities like massage and cuddling can enhance emotional well-being.
What is the facial-feedback hypothesis?
Emotions arise from sensory feedback from facial muscle tension
Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.
Fill in the blank: The study by Kirschbaum et al. (1995) focused on the effects of social support on _______.
Cortisol and subjective responses to acute psychological stress
This research highlights the physiological impact of social interactions.
What is the purpose of imagination techniques in emotion induction?
Participants visualize emotionally triggering scenarios to evoke feelings
This method helps to create a more vivid emotional experience.
What is the role of autobiographical memory in emotion induction?
Participants recall personal experiences tied to specific emotions
This technique helps in eliciting genuine emotional responses.
Was besagt die Facial-Feedback-Hypothese?
Emotionen entstehen durch die sensorische Rückmeldung aus der Anspannung bestimmter Gesichtsmuskeln
Diese Hypothese legt nahe, dass die Bewegung der Gesichtsmuskeln Einfluss auf die emotionale Erfahrung hat.
Wie wird Emotionsinduktion experimentell durchgeführt?
Durch Nachstellen des Gesichtsausdrucks oder durch das Halten eines Stifts mit den Lippen oder Zähnen
Diese Methoden sollen spezifische Emotionen hervorrufen.
Welche Komponenten bestehen Emotionen?
- Verhalten
- Physiologische Zustände
- Subjektives Erleben
Diese Dimensionen helfen, Emotionen zu klassifizieren und zu messen.
Was sind die drei Kategorien von Messinstrumenten für Emotionen?
- Instrumente, die sich am Verhalten orientieren
- Instrumente, die sich an physiologischen Kennwerten orientieren
- Instrumente, die sich am subjektiven Erleben orientieren
Diese Kategorien helfen, verschiedene Aspekte von Emotionen zu erfassen.
Was sind Velten-Aussagen und wofür werden sie verwendet?
Sie eignen sich zur Hervorrufung globaler Stimmungen
Velten-Aussagen sind positive oder negative Aussagen, die die Stimmung beeinflussen.
Was beschreibt das Facial Action Coding System (FACS)?
Es ist ein objektives Kodierungsverfahren zur Beschreibung von sichtbaren Gesichtsausdrücken
Entwickelt von Ekman & Friesen, ermöglicht es die Analyse von Gesichtsmuskelbewegungen.
Welche physiologischen Maße werden zur Messung von Emotionen verwendet?
- Blutdruck
- Herzrate
- Hautleitwiderstand
Diese Indizes reflektieren die Aktivierung des autonomen Nervensystems.
Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Stimmung und Emotion?
Stimmung ist ein länger anhaltender, weniger spezifischer Zustand, während Emotionen kurzfristige, intensive Reaktionen sind
Emotionen sind oft durch spezifische Auslöser bedingt.
Was ist die Rolle der Elektromyographie (EMG) in der Emotionsforschung?
Sie misst die elektrische Aktivität von kontrahierten Gesichtsmuskeln
EMG kann subtile, nicht sichtbare emotionale Reaktionen erfassen.
Wie beeinflussen positive Emotionen den Schreckreflex?
Positive Emotionen gehen mit einem verminderten Schreckreflex einher
Negative Emotionen können den Schreckreflex intensivieren.
Was sind die Ziele der Messung von Emotionsreaktionen?
Erfassung der Intensität, Dauer und Auftretenshäufigkeit von Emotionen
Dies geschieht häufig durch standardisierte Fragebogenverfahren.
Was sind die Vorteile von Selbstberichtsmaßen in der Emotionsforschung?
Sie sind valider, wenn sie sich auf unmittelbar erlebte Emotionen beziehen
Im Vergleich zu Maßnahmen, die auf vergangene Erlebnisse basieren, vermeiden sie Gedächtnisverzerrungen.
Wann sollten spezifische Emotionen induziert werden?
Bei der Verwendung von Filmausschnitten oder Imaginationsverfahren
Diese Methoden sind effektiver für die Erzeugung spezifischer Emotionen.
