Testvl5 Flashcards
What are the two components of emotions?
Subjektiv erfahrbare und objektiv erfassbare Komponenten
These components promote goal-directed behavior and help organisms adapt to their living conditions.
How do moods differ from emotions?
Moods are longer-lasting and less intense than emotions
Emotions are tied to specific objects or events.
What are dimensional conceptions of emotions?
Emotions can be categorized by their quantitative expression across various dimensions such as valence and intensity
This contrasts with categorical conceptions.
What are categorical conceptions of emotions?
Emotions are viewed as distinct, qualitatively different phenomena like sadness, joy, and fear
It is assumed that complex emotions arise from basic or primary emotions.
List the six basic emotions according to Ekman.
- Freude
- Traurigkeit
- Überraschung
- Ekel
- Furcht
- Wut
These emotions are universally expressed and recognized across cultures.
What influences attention focus in emotional contexts?
Visual search for emotion-laden stimuli is quicker for fear-relevant cues like snakes and spiders
This highlights the adaptive significance of emotional responses.
What is biological preparedness in the context of emotions?
Stronger conditioning for fear of snakes/spiders compared to flowers
Some conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli pair particularly well.
What is the emotional Stroop test?
Participants name the color of words that are emotionally neutral, positive, or negative
Results show slower color naming for words that are highly negatively charged.
What factors influence the recall of emotional events?
- Strength of emotion
- Frequency of the event
- Timing of memory retrieval
Both positive and negative events can be better remembered, but this is not universally applicable.
What are the seven sins of memory related to forgetting?
- Transience
- Absent-mindedness
- Blocking
These relate to failures in memory recall.
What are the seven sins of memory related to distortion?
- Suggestibility
- Bias
- Persistence
- Misattribution
These involve inaccurate or unwanted recollections.
What is suggestibility in the context of memory?
Mixing false information with what is remembered, often due to leading questions or deception
This is a common issue in eyewitness testimonies and therapy.
What does the reliability of eyewitness testimonies depend on?
The susceptibility to distortion from later information and suggestive questioning
This can lead to significant inaccuracies in memory.
What is the conclusion regarding emotional material and memory?
Emotionally charged material is remembered better than neutral material
However, memory is not perfect due to reconstruction processes leading to errors.
Fill in the blank: Emotions enable organisms to _______.
[adapt to their living conditions]
What type of material is better remembered than neutral material?
Emotional material
Emotional content tends to have a stronger impact on memory retention.
What is a key aspect of memory processes?
Reconstruction processes can lead to memory errors
Memory is not perfect and can be altered during recall.
How do emotions influence judgments?
Judgments depend on the prevailing emotion of the person making the assessment
This affects whether something is seen as positive, negative, or neutral.
In the study by Forgas & Moylan (1988), what were the emotional states of cinema visitors?
Happy, sad, or aggressive
The study assessed how these emotions influenced their judgments.
What was observed in individuals in a positive mood regarding information usage?
They use less information and adopt more direct problem-solving approaches
Positive emotions can enhance creativity and unconventional thinking.
What is the effect of negative emotions on problem-solving?
They focus more on details
Negative emotions can narrow attention and hinder holistic thinking.
What is the relationship between positive emotions and creativity?
Positive emotions lead to more creative, flexible, and open thinking
This enhances diagnostic abilities in fields like medicine and law.
What are the two roles of emotions in research?
Emotions as independent and dependent variables
They can influence cognitive processes and social interactions or be influenced by other variables.
What methods are used for emotion induction in the laboratory?
Film clips, images, auditory stimuli, imagination, and memory
These methods help to evoke specific emotional responses in participants.
