Test 51 - Created Aug 14 Flashcards

1
Q

anion gap equation

A

Na - (Cl + HCO3)

normal: 10-14

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2
Q

what can recall bias lead to

A

misclassification of an exposure

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3
Q

presentation of acute mitral valve regurg

A

acute heart failure, sweaty, cool limbs, pulmonary edema, sudden-onset htn, hyperdynamic precordium, decrescendo holosystolic murmur at apex

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4
Q

causes of acute mitral regurg

A

ruptured mitral chordae tendineae from MVP (CT dz like Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos), infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart dz, trauma

papillary muscle rupture due to MI or trauma

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5
Q

presentation and tx of vulvodynia

A

raw, burning vulvar pain 3/+ months, dyspareunia, constant irritation, (+) Q-tip test, pain w/ labial separation

tx = behavior modification, pelvic floor physical therapy, CBT

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6
Q

next step when evaluating normo/normo anemia that has no clear cause

A

retic count

if elevated -> hemolysis
if low -> dz w/ decreased RBC production

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7
Q

next step if pt is suspected to have hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s) (hypoK, HTN, polyuria, polydipsia)

A

get plasma aldosterone to plasma renin activity

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8
Q

depression and cardiovascular disease fact

A

untreated depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease

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9
Q

risk factors for abruptio placentae

A

HTN, PreE, abd. trauma, prior abruptio placentae, cocaine, tobacco

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10
Q

presentation of abruptio placentae

A

sudden-onset vaginal bleed, abdominal or back pain, high freq/low intensity contractions, rigid/tender uterus

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11
Q

special considerations for infantile hemangiomas based on: 5/+, facial/segmental, cervicofacial, lumbosacral

A

5/+ - do liver u/s
facial/segmental - echo and MRI head
cervicofacial (beard) - do laryngoscopy
lumbosacral - do spinal u/s

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12
Q

presentation of vasovagal and situational syncope

A

warmth, pale, nausea, sweaty, rapid recovery of consciousness (<1-2 min)

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13
Q

tx of vasovagal and situational syncope

A

reassurance, avoidance of triggers, physical counterpressure techniques

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14
Q

serum sickness like syndrome presentation

A

fever, polyarthritis, rash (urticaria, maculopapular, petechial), fatigue, malaise

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15
Q

extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B that are explained by circulating immune ocmplexes

A

polyarteritis nodosa, GN, serum sickness-like syndrome

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16
Q

subclinical hyperthyroidism

A

suppressed TSH with normal thyroid hormone levels; sxs may not be present

17
Q

indications for tx of subclinical hyperthyroidism and what tx is

A

TSH persistently below 0.1

TSH 0.1-0.5 plus age >65, heart dz, osteoporosis, nodular thyroid disease

tx = antithyroid medication or radioactive iodine

18
Q

graves disease

A

increased uptake on RAIU scan, thyrotropin receptor Ab’s, low TSH, may have normal TH’s if subclinical, may not have sxs if subclinical

19
Q

McCune Albright syndrome

A

triad of irregular cafe-au-lait spots (Coast of Maine), fibrous dysplasia of bone, peripheral precocious puberty; suppressed LH and FSH

20
Q

when to investigate veteran for PTSD

A

new-onset insomnia, substance use, interpersonal conflicts

21
Q

what to do next if acute cholecystitis is suspected but ultrasound only shows gallstones but no GB wall thickening or sonographic Murphy sign

A

HIDA scan to confirm dx