Test 4 - Created June 29

Question 1

when to re-consider electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 1

recent MI, space-occupying brain lesion, recent stroke, unstable aneurysm

Question 2

when bisphosphonates indicated for osteoPENIA

Answer 2

risk of hip fracture >3% or combined major osteoporotic fracture >20%

Question 3

important factors the improve overall survival rate in patient with sudden cardiac arrest out-of-hospital

Answer 3

1: prompt effective resuscitation with adequate bystander CPR, 2: prompt rhythm analysis, 3: defibrillation in patients found to be in a shockable rhythm (i.e. ventricular fibrillation)

Question 4

pain mgt in chronic pancreatitis

Answer 4

NO alcohol/tobacco; frequent, small meals; pancreatic enz.; NSAIDs; opioids

Question 5

malabsorption mgt in chronic pancreatitis

Answer 5

low-fat diet, pancr. enz., vit. KADE

Question 6

diabetes mgt in chronic pancreatitis

Answer 6

metformin initially; insulin when symptomatic hyperglycemia occurs

Question 7

side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors (-flozin)

Answer 7

vulvovaginal candidiasis, UTI, htn, AKI, hyperK, hyperLIPID, euDKA, low trauma fracture, amputation

Question 8

what is euglycemic DKA?

Answer 8

bG < 250, ketones and G in urine, acidotic on ABG; sxs = abd. pain, N/V, tachypnea

Question 9

pineal tumor causes Parinaud’s syndrome, which is?

Answer 9

loss of pupillary rxn, vertical gaze paralysis, loss of optokinetic nystagmus, headache, and ataxia; may secrete HCG and lead to early puberty

Question 10

craniopharyngioma sxs

Answer 10

headache, diabetes insipidus, def. of 1/+ ant. pit. hormones

Question 11

frontal lobe tumor sxs

Answer 11

headaches, FNDs, seizures, release of primitive reflexes, Foster Kennedy syndrome (optic atrophy on side of tumor and papilledema on contra side)

Question 12

pituitary tumor sxs

Answer 12

bitemporal hemianopsia +/- hormonal dysfunction

Question 13

pernicious anemia causes autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis, which causes what?

Answer 13

glandular atrophy of gastric body and fundus, intestinal metaplasia, and inflammation

Question 14

common extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis

Answer 14

skin: papular, nodular, or plaque-like lesions or erythema nodosum
eyes: uveitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca
joints: acute polyarthritis
neuro: FN palsy (Bell’s for ex.), central DI
cardio: AV block, CMP
other: hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral LAP, hyperCa

Question 15

Lofgren syndrome (combo of signs/sxs in sarcoidosis)

Answer 15

erythema nodosum, hilar adenopathy, migratory polyarthralgia, and fever