Test 1 - Created June 24 Flashcards

1
Q

results of B12 deficiency

A

dementia, subacute combined degeneration; intramedullary hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

standardized mortality ration equation

A

observed number of deaths/expected number of deaths; used in occupational studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

risk for long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

cardiovascular issues; radiation leads to fibrosis -> MI, restrictive CMP with diastolic dysfn, contstrictive pericarditis, valve issues, conduction defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

eye exam with central retinal artery occlusion

A

pale fundus with “cherry red spot”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

eye exam with central retinal vein occlusion

A

fundus with retinal hemorrhages and optic disc edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

eye exam with retinal detachment; see floaters

A

vitreous hemorrhage and marked elevation of retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

eye exam with vitreous hemorrhage

A

decreased red reflex; visible hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

eye exam with optic neuritis

A

optic disc edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

eye exam with DM eye changes

A

neovascularization; possible hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

triad in Meniere’s disease

A

periodic vertigo, unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

steps in root cause analysis

A
  1. collect data 2. causal flow chart 3. root causes 4. recommendations and changes 5. measure results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

equation for (+) likelihood ratio

A

sensitivity / (1 - specificity) OR TP/FP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

equation for (-) likelihood ratio

A

(1 - sensitivity) / specificity OR FN/TN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tx for lactational mastitis

A

dicloxacillin or cephalexin; IV vanc if MRSA risk factors; continue to breastfeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

subclinical hypothyroidism: when to treat

A

TSH > 10; TSH 4.5-10 with elevated TPO Ab’s or sxs/goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lyme tx in pregnant woman

A

14-21 days of amoxicillin or cefuroxime

17
Q

tx of NSTEMI

A

NA-BASH (nitrates, ASA, BBs, anti-plt with -grel), statin, heparin); likely get “NA” en route; give “AH”; hold off on BS until later

18
Q

tx of STEMI

A

meds the same but need cardiac cath and revascularization within 90 minutes STAT

19
Q

adjustment disorder with depressed mood

A

onset w/in 3 mo. of stressor; marked distress and/or functional impairment

20
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

excessive concern about having or developing a serious, undiagnosed general medical disease; concerns persist > 6 mo.; patients tend to have multiple (-) workup’s

21
Q

normal stress response

A

not excessive or out of proportion to severity of stressor; no significant functional impairment

22
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

worry about symptoms; physical symptoms persist over time

23
Q

presentation of chronic prostatitis and workup

A

> 3 mo. of dysuria, pelvic pain, and/or pain during ejaculation; workup = U/A and UCx to r/o UTI; U/A will show >20 leukocytes

24
Q

treatment for chronic prostatitis

A

alpha blockers, Abx, anti-infl., and/or psychotherapy; give 6 wks of FQN or TMP-SMX if bacterial

25
Q

presentation of acute prostatitis

A

similar to chronic with dysuria and pelvic pain BUT has high fever and dirty urine; prostate is warm, edematous, tender; UCx shows E.coli or Proteus

26
Q

presentation of lithium toxicity; level for toxicity; common drugs that cause it; treatment

A

N/V/D, slurred speech, confused, tremors, ataxia; > 1.5; thiazides, ACE-i, NSAIDs; lithium levels, IVF, hemodialysis if bad

27
Q

presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome; drugs that cause it

A

fever, extreme rigidity, autonomic instability, AMS; antipsychotic meds

28
Q

presentation of serotonin syndrome; drugs that cause it

A

myoclonus, hyperreflexia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, confusion, tremors; multiple serotonin drugs

29
Q

treatment for Paget’s disease

A

give if sxs, involves wt-bearing bones, or neuro involvement; bisphosphonates (activity against osteoclasts, the problem in Paget’s)

30
Q

reasons why subchorionic hematoma can occur; complications down the road

A

reasons: infertility tx, anticoag., uterine anomalies, recurrent pregnancy loss; complications: spont. abortion, abruptio placentae, pPROM, PTD, PreE, IUGR, IUFD

31
Q

when placenta accreta more likely to occur

A

prior Csections (implants over scar)

32
Q

when placenta previa more likely to occur

A

h/o of prior Csection, multiparity, multiple babies (twins), prior placenta previa

33
Q

when to do basal-bolus insulin in hospital

A

T1DM, T2 if they did it prior, T2 poor controlled by SS, new DM pt

34
Q

when to do sliding scale insulin in hospital

A

T2 well controlled with diet and/or oral meds before admission; may need to add basal

35
Q

when to do insulin infusion insulin in hospital

A

T1 who aren’t eating and whose bG is poorly controlled with subcut; T1 perioperatively or during labor; hyperglycemic emergencies

36
Q

stress incontinence and tx

A

leakage w/ cough, sneeze, laugh, lifting; urethral hypermobility, intrinsic sphincter def., or (+) urine stress test on PE; LS modification, pelvic floor exercises, pessary, urethral sling surgery

37
Q

urge incontinence and tx

A

sudden, overwhelming, or frequent need to urinate; LS modification, bladder training, antimusc. meds (oxybutynin, tolterodine)

38
Q

overflow incontinence and tx

A

constant dribbling of urine, incomplete bladder emptying, decr. perineal sensation on PE; intermittent cath, correct etiology if possible; may be from DM, spinal injury, MS or may be taking antihistamines and making it worse