Form 2 Block 2 - Created Aug 7

Question 1

labs of distal (type 1) RTA

Answer 1

hyperchloremic, hypokalemic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 2

why type 1 RTA patients can get recurrent kidney stones

Answer 2

associated hypercalciuria and urine pH >5.5

Question 3

tx of type 1 RTA

Answer 3

sodium bicarb

Question 4

3 painFUL genital ulcers

Answer 4

1. Behcet - multiple painful ulcers, recurrent, also oral
2. HSV - pustules, vesicles, or small ulcers on red base; tender LAP; systemic sxs
3. chancroid (H. ducreyi) - larger, deep ulcers w/ gray/yellow exudate; well-demarcated borders and soft friable base; severe LAP

Question 5

3 painLESS genital ulcers

Answer 5

1. Bowen - SCC in situ, red plaque, nonexudative
2. syphilis - single ulcer (chancre), indurated borders and hard, nonpurulent base
3. lymphogranuloma venereum (Chla. L1-L3) - small/shallow ulcers -> painful/fluctuant adenitis (buboes)

Question 6

strongyloidiasis presentation

Answer 6

1. skin - red, raised, itchy, linear lesions on butt/thighs; urticaria
2. GI - N, D, abd. pain
3. Pulm - dry cough, wheeze, dyspnea

Question 7

lesions of lichen planus

Answer 7

pruritic, purple, polygonal, papular, plaque-like

Question 8

next step in female who has noncyclic, unilateral, focal breast pain

Answer 8

breast ultrasound or mammogram

Question 9

how case-control study works

Answer 9

1. analytical observational study design in which potential participants are initially identified as “cases” or “controls” according to an outcome status (disease)
2. patients with disease are the cases
3. patients w/o are the controls
4. assessed retrospectiviely for exposure to 1/+ risk factors

Question 10

explanatory trials

Answer 10

designed to test efficacy of intervents under optimal and controlled situations; has high internal validity; phase II or III trials

Question 11

pragmatic trails

Answer 11

designed to evaluate effectiveness of interventions in real-life clinical practice conditions; has high external validity; phase IV trials

Question 12

anorexia females are greatest risk for developing what medical complication?

Answer 12

osteoporosis

Question 13

tx of anorexia and bulimia

Answer 13

both: CBT, nutrition rehab
A: olanzapine (2nd line)
B: SSRI (in combo w/ above)

Question 14

what does NNT interpretation always need?

Answer 14

comparison group, specific outcome, and period of observation for the outcome

Question 15

urinalysis findings in acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 15

WBC casts, pyuria, mild hematuria, proteinuria

Question 16

meds that often cause acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 16

NSAIDs, PPIs, penicillins, diuretics

Question 17

MC bugs in cellulitis versus abscess

Answer 17

cellulitis - Strep pyogenes

abscess - Staph aureus

Question 18

who should be screened for an AAA?

Answer 18

men ages 65-75 with ANY smoking history; do an U/S

Question 19

who should be screened for lung cancer?

Answer 19

people ages 50-80 with 20 pack-year smoking history who currently smoke or quit in past 15 years; do low dose CT

Question 20

when PSA level is done

Answer 20

initial assessment of men with lower urinary tract sxs; prostate cancer follow-up monitoring

Question 21

preferred imaging modality to evaluate joint effusions

Answer 21

ultrasound

Question 22

tx of joint effusion

Answer 22

transient synovitis - NSAIDs and rest

septic arthritis - aspiration and Abx (high fever, can’t bear wt on presentation)