Test 35 - Created Aug 1

Question 1

important thing to do in drug add questions

Answer 1

Look for the p-value. Might be hidden in a footnote.

Question 2

case fatality rate

Answer 2

proportion of people w/ a particular condition who end up dying from the condition

Question 3

mortality rate

Answer 3

probability of dying from a particular disease in the general population

Question 4

attack rate

Answer 4

proportion of people in whom an illness develops out of total population at risk for the disease

Question 5

median survival time

Answer 5

length of time it takes for half of the study population to die

Question 6

standardized mortality ratios

Answer 6

comparing number of expected deaths to observed number of deaths

Question 7

possible angina presentation in elderly pt

Answer 7

shortness of breath, lightheadedness, fatigue

Question 8

time-to-event data importance

Answer 8

used in survival analysis; analyzes the elapse time before an event occurs; may show experimental tx group lives longer, even though both groups overall die within same timeframe of a study

Question 9

tx of dementia with Lewy bodies

Answer 9

donepezil, carbidopa-levodopa, melatonin, antipsychotics (prescribe based on symptoms)

Question 10

negative predictive value

Answer 10

probability of being disease free given a (-) test result

Question 11

sensitivity and specificity in regards to false rates

Answer 11

high sensitivity -> low false (-) rate

high specificity -> low false (+) rate

Question 12

next step if pt has acute paralysis w/ presence of sensory level or bowel/bladder dysfn

Answer 12

look for transverse myelitis with MRI; then give steroids

Question 13

what to do if pt comes into ER seizing

Answer 13

benzo -> fosphenytoin or valproate -> benzo, pentobarbital, or Propofol

Question 14

preclinical trial

Answer 14

lab and animal models; goal is to explore if and how new tx may work

Question 15

Phase I clinical trial

Answer 15

small no.; goal: evaluate toxicity, max tolerated dose, adv effects, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Question 16

Phase II clinical trial

Answer 16

small no.; goal: explore efficacy, optimal dosing, and adverse effects

Question 17

Phase III clinical trial

Answer 17

large no.; randomly assigned to new tx or control; goal: compare new tx to current standard of care

Question 18

Phase IV clinical trial

Answer 18

postmarketing surveillance; goal: identify rare and long-term adverse effects

Question 19

summaries of phases of Clinical Trials process

Answer 19

Pre: animal studies
I: pharm side
II: side effects
III: compare to standard care
IV: rare and long-term adverse effects

Question 20

clue that pt has cervical insufficiency

Answer 20

1. h/o 2 spont. painless 2nd trimester losses

2. painless advanced cervical dilation at < 24wks

Question 21

what prolapsing amniotic membranes indicate

Answer 21

imminent delivery and poor prognosis

Question 22

1st line antiHTN drugs

Answer 22

ACEi, ARBs, CCBs, thiazides

Question 23

good starting combo in pt who needs 2 drug therapy for HTN (and no race specified)

Answer 23

ACEi and CCB

Question 24

lab evaluation for new dx of HTN

Answer 24

U/A, CMP, A1c, lipids, TSH, ECG

Question 25

next step if pt has abdominal pain after recent intussusception

Answer 25

do abd. xray to check for intestinal perf; then may need to do U/S to check for recurrence

Question 26

clinical features of catatonia

Answer 26

immobility or excessive purposeless activity, mutism, stupor, negativism, posturing, waxy flexibility, echolalia, echopraxia

Question 27

mgt of catatonia

Answer 27

benzo or ECT; maybe in combo