Test 54 - Created Aug 15 Flashcards
tx of viral gastroenteritis
oral rehydration and avoid fruit juice (can make things worse)
what can help lower risk of developing atopic dermatitis
early exposure to nonpathogenic microorganisms (day care, farm animals, household dogs), breastfeeding, emollients
multiple linear regression vs multiple logistic regression
linear - evaluates associations btwn 1 quantitative dependent variable and 2/+ independent variables (ex. RFC vs. BMI, plt count, Cr Cl)
logistic - evaluates associations btwn 2/+ independent variables and 1 dichotomous dependent variable (ex. obesity, age, smoking vs. DM/no DM)
empiric tx for meningoencephalitis
acyclovir, vanc, ceftriaxone
watch out for age of pt
type of cells that proliferate and make acoustic neuromas in neurofibromatosis
Schwann cells
post exposure prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis
- rifampin BID x2d - do NOT give in pt on OCPs
- ciprofloxacin x1
- CTX x1
tx of choice in hemodynamically significant bradycardia (pulm edema, htn, cold limbs) from an MI
IV atropine
MC bugs in cellulitis versus abscess
C: strep pyogenes
A: staph aureus
if PCI not possible for a STEMI patient, what do you give? (beyond normal things)
fibrinolytic therapy (tenecteplase, alteplase, reteplase)
ECG findings diagnostic of STEMI
ST elev in 2/+ cont. leads:
>1 mm in those leads except V2 and V3 (next line)
>1.5(F), >2(oM), >2.5(yM) in leads V2 and V3
new LBBB w/ ACS sxs
when are larger sample sizes needed
when a higher level of power is required or when differences btwn groups are small
tx of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
1st tri: PTU
2nd tri: methimazole
3rd tri: methimazole
presentation of fat embolism
24-72 hrs after severe trauma -> resp. insuff., neuro impairment, petechial rash (classic triad), also fever, tachycardia, AMS
what reduces the chances of fat embolism
early immobilization and operative fixation of fractures
what should be done asap in a patient recovering from critical illness
early physical therapy for progressive mobilization, which will help facilitate recovery from delirium and liberation from mechanical ventilation
triad of PCOS
irregular menses, androgen excess, polycystic ovaries on U/S
2 murmurs that become less prominent with increased venous return
MVP and HoCM
murmur of MVP
nonejection click and systolic murmur of MR; click and murmur may change based on body position
evaluation of bone mets
osteoblastic (prostate, small cell, Hodgkin) - get radionuclide bone scan
osteolytic (myeloma, non-small cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma) - get xray, PET, or PET/CT
mixed (breast) - PET/CT, MRI, or bone scan
tx of comedonal acne (black heads)
topical retinoids; salicylic acid
tx of inflammatory acne (white heads)
mild: topical retinoids + benzoyl peroxide
mod: add topical Abx
severe: add oral Abx
tx of nodular (cystic) acne
mod: topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide + topical Abx
severe: add oral Abx
unresponsive: oral isotretinoin
tx of partial SBO (see some air in distal colon)
admit for obs and give supportive tx (IVF, NG suction)
if fails to improve in 12-24h, call surgery
who should get an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in HoCM pt
fhx of SCD, syncope, nonsustained V.tach on Holter, htn in response to exercise, extreme LVH, survivor of cardiac arrest, sustained spont. ventricular arrhythmias
what to do if pt with (+) results refuses to disclose info to family members
physician should discuss the reasons why in a supportive manner and respect the patient’s decision; physician has an obligation to report the results only if harm to an identifiable individual is evident
presentation and tx of tinea capitis
scaly, red patch w/ hair loss on scalp; +/- black dots; +/- tender LAP
tx = oral griseofulvin or terbinafine (had to be oral to penetrate hair follicles
tx of tinea corporis
topical terbinafine
effectiveness of contraception: best to least
IUD or implant -> injection -> pills/patch/ring -> condom -> withdrawal
1st line contraceptive for adolescent
IUDs or subdermal implants
possible mgt option for hyponatremia in HF pt
adjust diuretic dosages, water restriction, and tolvaptan (vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist)
presentation of rectal prolapse
abd. discomfort, straining or incomplete bowel evacuation, fecal incontience, digital help for defecation, red mass extending through anus with concentric rings (full-thickness) or radial invaginations (non-full thickness)
tx of rectal prolapse
non-full thickness: fiber/fluids, pelvic floor exercises, biofeedback
full thickness or debilitating sxs: surgery
