Test 31 - Created July 27

Question 1

incidence rate

Answer 1

number of new cases of disease occurring in a pop. in a given period, expressed in number of events per person-time

Question 2

equation of incidence rate

Answer 2

fraction:

• numerator: number of new cases
• denominator: amount of at-risk time each person contributes

Question 3

when relative risk is used

Answer 3

estimate associations in cohort and experimental design studies, where participants are followed over time to assess a risk factor for developing a given disease; odds ratio is used in case-control and cross-sectional studies

Question 4

tx of neonatal displaced clavicular fracture

Answer 4

gentle handling, analgesics, long-sleeved garment with sleeve pinned to chest with elbow flexed at 90*, reassurance

Question 5

external versus internal validity

Answer 5

external: how generalizable these results are to other populations
internal: are we measuring what we think we are within this study

Question 6

tx of low-risk invasive squamous cell skin cancer

Answer 6

surgical excision, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, and radiation therapy

Question 7

what to do if CT of head negative and you highly suspect subarachnoic hemorrhage

Answer 7

do an LP to look for xanthochromia

Question 8

presentation of opioid withdrawal

Answer 8

N/V/D, tachycardic, HTN, sweaty, insomnia, yawns, dysphoric mood, myalgias, arthralgias, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, piloerection, mydriasis; commonly happens 2 days after stopping

Question 9

tx of opioid withdrawal

Answer 9

1. methadone or buprenorphine; both require supervised detox setting
2. clonidine, antiV, antiD, benzo

Question 10

outpatient tx of community acquired Pna

Answer 10

healthy - azithro or doxy

comorbidities - FQN or combo of beta-lactam + azithro

Question 11

inpatient tx of community acquired Pna

Answer 11

FQN or combo of CTX + azithro

Question 12

ICU tx of community acquired Pna

Answer 12

CTX + FQN … or … CTX + azithro

Question 13

what to do if preterm prelabor ROM (pPROM) occurs

Answer 13

34w/+: delivery

< 34w: expectant mgt

Question 14

mgt of pPROM and < 34w GA

Answer 14

amp/azithro, steroids, fetal surveillance

Question 15

tx of amiodarone thyroid issues

Answer 15

1. elev T4/decr T3: none
2. hypothyroid: levothyroxine
3. thyrotoxicosis: antithyroid drugs
4. destructive thyroiditis: steroids

Question 16

acute dystonia - sudden, sustained contraction of neck, mouth, tongue, and eye mm; tx?

Answer 16

benztropine or diphenhydramine

Question 17

akathisia - subjective restlessness, inability to sit still; tx?

Answer 17

propranolol, lorazepam, benztropine

Question 18

Parkinsonism - gradual onset tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia; tx?

Answer 18

benztropine or amantadine

Question 19

tardive dyskinesia - gradual onset after prolonged therapy (>6mo.): dyskinesia of mouth, face, trunk, lumbs; tx?

Answer 19

“-benazine”

valbenazine, deutetrabenazine

Question 20

when is parenteral potassium replacement indicated in setting of pt taking a loop diuretic

Answer 20

dysfunctional bowel; cardiac and neuro complications

Question 21

preventive tx of episodic and chronic cluster headaches

Answer 21

verapamil

Question 22

tx of acute cluster headache

Answer 22

1. oxygen

2. sumatriptan intranasally

Question 23

common drugs that cause orthostatic htn (possibly in elderly)

Answer 23

diuretics, alpha blockers, or nitrates