Test 2 (Chap 3) Flashcards
Galatians 5:1
For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery.
Active placebo
A psychologically inactive drug that has some peripheral side effects that patients may recognize and thereby assume they are receiving actual treatment.
Examples of Active placebo
Patients experiencing minor dry mouth, dizziness, or blurred vision.
Agoraphobia
Fear of being in open places where a panic attack may occur and from which it would be difficult to escape or help would be unavailable.
Anticonvulsant
A drug used to treat seizure disorders. Occasionally used to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Antimanic
A drug used to treat bouts of mania or hypomania
Atypical
An atypical drug is a class of drug that differs significantly in its mechanism of action from other medication for a particular psychological disorder.
Bipolar disorder
A severe mood disorder characterized by depressive and manic episodes.
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)
A nerve growth factor essential for normal cell survival, receptor growth, and for the growth of new neurons.
CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate (or cAMP) response element binding protein)
A second messenger activated by metabotropic receptors responsible for transcribing brain-derived neurotropic factor from a cell’s DNA
Deaminate
An enzymatic reaction that deactivates a neurotransmitter by removing an essential amine chemical group from its molecular structure.
Downregulation
A process that results in a decrease in synaptic activity caused by decreasing neurotransmitter synthesis, its release, and/or its receptor availability
Dysthymic disorder
A moderately severe mood disorder that is characterized by lengthy episodes of depression (at least 2 years)
First generation drug
the first class of drugs used to treat a particular psychological disorder
Hypomanic episode
A period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least four days. Less severe than a manic episode
Lag time
The delay of about 10 to 14 days between the onset of medication and observations of symptom relief in depression.
Major depressive disorder
A severe mood disorder during which a person experiences depressive episodes without intermittent bouts of mania
Manic episode
A period of at least one week of excessively elevated mood, euphoria, or enthusiasm that may be interrupted by outbursts of anger or irritability.
Monoamine hypothesis
The proposal that deficiencies in the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and/or serotonin cause depression.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
An antidepressant that blocks the activity of the degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase in the synaptic gap of monoamine neurotransmitters.
Nurogenesis
The cellular process that contributes to neuronal growth
Neuropathic pain
Associated with damage to, or overuse of, nerves. It may be associated with certain types of cancer, autoimmune disorders, or trauma.
Psychostimulant
A drug that increase or stimulates cortical activity and arousal.
What are examples of Psychostimulants
Cocaine and amphetamines
Rapid cycling
A condition where periods of depression and mania in bipolar disorder cycle at least four times in a year.
Reactive depression
A period of depression associated with a significant life event such as the loss of a spouse or significant other, loss of financial resources, or significant stress.
Second generation
A class of drugs that have supplemented or replaced first generation drugs and differ significantly in their mechanism of action.
Serotonin syndrome
A toxic reaction caused by excessive serotonin activity. Symptoms may include disorientation, confusion, visual disturbances, agitation, and mania
Suicidality
Attempts, both successful and unsuccessful, at committing suiide.
Suicide ideation
Thoughts of suicide and/or planning suicide attempts
