Neuro psych Quiz 1.1 Flashcards
How many types of cells are in the nervous system?
2 Neurons and Glia
Neurons
receive information and transmit it to other cells
What did Santiago Cajal discover?
That nerve cells are separated by a small gap.
Membrane
A structure that separates the inside of the cell from from the outside environment
Nucleus
structure that contains the chromosomes
Mitochondrion
the structure that performs metabolic activities, providing the energy that the cell uses for all activities
Ribosomes
The sites where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules
endoplasmic reticulum
Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations
Motor neuron
sends messages away from structure efferent.
sensory neuron
sends messages to structures afferent
Dendrites
branching fibers that get narrower near their ends
dendritic spine
short outgrowths in dendrites that increase the surface area available for synapses
Cell body (soma)
contains nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria
Axon
thin fiber of constand diameter and conveys impulse toward other neurons, an organ or muscle
Myelin sheath
insulating material that increases action potential
Nodes of Ranvier
breaks in Myelin sheath that help facilitate speed
presynaptic terminal
end bulbs at the end of a neuron
Afferent neurons
bring info into structure
efferent neurons
bring info out of structure
interneurons/intrinsic neurons
when a cell’s dendrites are within a structure
Glia
Smaller than neurons. Has multiple types one being astrocytes
Astrocytes
wrap around the presynaptic terminal of group of functionally related axons and shields from chemicals, and synchronizes the activity of the axons, guide information, and remove waste material, and dilatate blood vessels to bring more nutrients
microglia
part of the immune system and remove waste material, viruses, and fungi
Oligodentrysites
helps build myelin sheath
