Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > Tennis anaemia tut > Flashcards

Tennis anaemia tut Flashcards

1
Q

How do you tell the difference between B12 deficiency and folate deficiency?

A

With folate deficiency there are muted or no neuro signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What specific bloods might you when investigating anaemia?

A 
FBC
Transferrin
Ferritin
Total iron binding capacity 
Serum lead
Intrinsic factor antibodies 
Anti ttg antibody 
Serum 12 
Serum folate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Hb, MCV, transferrin and ferritin microcytic anaemia? what else is seen on bloods

A

Low haemoglobin, low MCV, transferrin and ferritin
High reticulocytes
If anti ttg its coeliacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is coeliacs disease prominent in?

A

Young men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is total iron binding capacity high in iron deficiency anaemia?

A

There is low iron so theres lots of space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is MCV, iron, TIBC and transferrin in thalassemia?

A

V low MCV
Normal or higher iron
Total iron binding capacity is low
Transferrin high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ferritin in anaemia of chronic disease?

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is seen on bloods in macrocytic anaemia?

A

High MCV

Pancytopenia in megaloblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is pancytopenia seen in anaemia?

A

Megaloblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What order are antibodies ordered in anaemia? Why

A

First line intrinsic factor antibodies- specific

Second line gastric parietal- sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What special test is used in pernicious anaemia

A

Shilling test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is total iron binding capacity calculated?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When do you consider transfusion?

A

When iron is below 70

When iron is below 80 if they have ACS or any cardiac issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is sideroblastic anaemia?

A

Abnormal heam synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes sideroblastic anaemia?

A

Inherited

Secondary to alcohol or drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is normocytic anaemia managed?

A

If renal cause refer

Prescribe erythopoeitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do you treat B12 or folate deficiency first?

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is aplastic anaemia?

A

Pancytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

all 3 cellular components of blood are not produced (this inc RBC, platelets and white cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who is more likely to get aplastic anaemia?

A

30 y/o men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cell abnormalities are seen in aplastic anaemia?

A

Normochromic
Normocytic
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you differentiate purpura and petechiae?

A 
Purpura= 4mm-10mm
Petechiae= less than 4mm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is seen on bloods in aplastic anaemia?

A

Everything low

MCV normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 2 hereditary haemolytic anaemias

A

Membrane defects- hereditary spherocytosis

Metabolic defects- G6 PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is seen on blood film in G6PD deficiency?

A

heinz bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the causes of acquired anaemia

A 
MAID
Microangiopathic
Autoimmune
Infection
Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What infections cause acquired anaemia?

A

Malaria

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the difference between cold and warm autoimmune anaemia?

A

Cold- at cold temps- they get raynauds

Warm- at normal body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What organomegaly do you get with cold and warm autoimmune anaemia?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In haemolytic anaemia what do you get alongside normal anaemia symptoms

A

Jaundice
Haematuria
Hepatospenlomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What test is used to test for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Direct coombs test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is MCV in micro/normo/macrocytic anaemia?

A 
Micro= <80
Normo= 80-100
Macro= >100
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the most common type of microcytic anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are some ways microcytic iron deficiency anaemia may arise?

A

Blood loss eg GI
Reduced absorption eg small bowel disease
Increased demand eg pregnancy, growth
Reduced intake eg vegans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the main types of microcytic anaemia?

A 
Iron deficiency
Anaemia of chronic disease
Thalassaemia 
Sideroblastic 
Lead poisioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the main types of normocytic anaemia?

A 
Anaemia of chronic disease
CKD
Aplastic 
Sickle cell
Haemolytic
Acute blood loss
Pregnancy
Fluid overload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What type of anaemia is anaemia of chronic disease usually?

A

Normocytic but it can be microcyti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the 2 types of macrocytic anaemia?

A

Megaloblastic and normoblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What type of anaemia is megaloblastic and what is it caused by?

A

It is a type of macrocytic anaemia caused by B12 or folate deficiency or drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are some ways normoblastic macrocytic anaemia arises?

A 
Alcohol excess
Liver disease
Myelodysplasia
Hypothyroidism
Alcoholics may have liver failure
41
Q

What drug most commonly causes megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Methotrexate

42
Q

What drugs cause megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Methotrexate
Hydroxyurea
Azothioprine
Zidovudine

43
Q

What are causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Reduced GI absorption of B12/folate- terminal ileum disease or jejunal disease (coeliacs), gastrectomy etc
Reduced intake- vegans, alcoholics, malnutrition, eating disorders
Very recent alcohol intake
Increased demand= not enough absorption eg pregnancy, malignancy

44
Q

What is a common jejunal disease that causes anaemia?

A

Coeliacs

45
Q

How does anaemia present?

A 
Tiredness
Lethargy 
Dyspnoea
Malaise
Tachycardia 
Pallor
46
Q

What are specific sign and symptoms of lead poisoning anaemia?

A 
Anorexia
Nausea and vomitting
Abdo pain
Constipation
Peripheral nerve lesions (foot or wrist drop)
Blue gumline
Convulsions
47
Q

What are specific sign and symptoms of pernicious anaemia?

A 
Family hx of autoimmune disease 
Mild jaundice 
Glossitis
Angular stomatitis
Weight loss
48
Q

What are signs of B12 deficiency?

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Ataxia
Gait disturbance

49
Q

How is normocytic anaemia diagnosed?

A

Do FBC to exclude micro or macrocytic anaemia
Check for hx of haemorrhage
Check for reticulocytes (raised in sickle cell)

50
Q

What type of anaemia do those with sickle cell have? Why?

A

Normocytic- abnormal cells are destroyed so remaining are normal cells but they are reduced in number

51
Q

In what disease do you get normocytic anaemia with raised reticulocyte count?

A

Sickle cell

52
Q

What will you see on bloods in megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Pancytopenia

53
Q

What LFT will be deranged and how in macrocytic anaemia?

A

Bilirubin will be high

54
Q

What test is used to test for pernicious anaemia?

A

Schilling

55
Q

Describe levels of iron, MCV, TIBC, ferritin and transferrin saturation (iron/TIBC) in iron deficiency anaemia

A 
Iron= low
MCV= low
TIBC= high
Ferritin= low 
Transferrin sat= low
56
Q

Describe levels of iron, MCV, TIBC, ferritin and transferrin saturation (iron/TIBC) in thalassaemia

A 
Iron= very low
MCV= high
TIBC= low
Ferritin= high
Transferrin sat= very high
57
Q

Why is ferritin high in thalassaemia?

A

Due to multiple iron transfusions

58
Q

Describe levels of iron, MCV, TIBC, ferritin and transferrin saturation (iron/TIBC) in anaemia of chronic disease

A 
Iron= normal or low
MCV= normal
TIBC= low
Ferritin= normal or high
Transferrin sat= normal or low
59
Q

How do you calculate transferrin sat?

A

Iron level/ total iron binding capacity

60
Q

What test is similar to TIBC?

A

Transferrin

61
Q

How do you differentiate between anaemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Ferritin in IDA= low and in ACD= normal or high
TIBC in IDA= high and in ACD= low
ACD is often normocytic

62
Q

What do you see on blood film in microcytic anaemia?

A

Hypochromia
Anisocytosis
Poikilocytosis

63
Q

How is iron deficiency anaemia managed?

A

Oral suppplements

Blood transfusion and iron chelation if hb <70g/L

64
Q

How is sideroblastic anaemia managed?

A

Treat the cause

Pyridoxine in inherited forms

65
Q

What drug is used to treat inherited sideroblastic anaemia?

A

Pyridoxine

66
Q

How is lead poisoning anaemia managed?

A

Remove the source of lead
Dimercaprol
D- penicillinamine

67
Q

How is renal related normocytic anaemia managed?

A

refer to renal team

prescribe EPO

68
Q

How is b12 deficiency anaemia managed?

A

IM 1mg hydroxycobalamin every 2-3 months
Dietary advice
Oral cyanocobalamin

69
Q

How is folate deficiency anaemia managed?

A

Oral folic acid

70
Q

What is aplastic anaemia?

A

Pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow

71
Q

What anaemia is pancytopenia associate with?

A

Aplastic and macrocytic

72
Q

What are causes of aplastic anaemia? Which is most common

A

Idiopathic- 40%
Acquired- drugs eg methotrexate
Inherited

73
Q

Who is aplastic anaemia more common in?

A

30 y/o men

74
Q

What are the main features of aplastic anaemia?

A

Normocytic anaemia- fatigue, dyspnoea, pallor
Leukopenia- infections
Thrombocytopenia- spontaneous bleeding

75
Q

What will Hb, platelets, WCC, MCV and reticulocytes be in aplastic anaemia?

A 
Hb= low
Platelets= low
WCC= low
MCV= low
Reticulocytes= low or absent
76
Q

What is haemolytic anaemia?

A

Premature erythrocyte breakdown causing shortened erythrocyte life span (<120) with anaemia

77
Q

What will RBC lifespan be in haemolytic anaemia?

A

<120 days

78
Q

What are causes of haemolytic anaemia?

A 
Hereditary spherocytosis 
Metabolic defects
G6PD deficiency
Pyruvate kinase deficiency 
Cold and warm autoimmune anaemia 
Drugs
Trauma
Infection
79
Q

What drugs cause haemolytic anaemia?

A

Penicillin and quinine

80
Q

What infections cause haemolytic anaemia?

A

Malaria and sepsis

81
Q

What is hereditary spherocytosis?

A

An inherited disorder where there RBCs are small, round, lack central pallor and are therefore removed prematurely by the spleen causing haemolytic anemia

82
Q

What type of anaemia does hereditary spherocytosis cause?

A

Haemolytic

83
Q

How will someone with hereditary spherocytosis present?

A 
Anaemia- SOB, pallor, fatigue 
Intermittent scleral icterus 
Jaundice
Dark urine 
Viral infections
84
Q

What test is used to help diagnose hereditary spherocytosis?

A

Osmotic fragility test

85
Q

What is an osmotic fragility test?

A

When RBCs are exposed to varying concs of saline to see how likely they are to breakdown

86
Q

In what demographic is G6PD deficiency prominent?

A

African countries

87
Q

What is seen on blood film in G6PD deficiency?

A

Heinz bodies

88
Q

How will G6Pd deficiency present in children?

A

With jaundice and anaemia

89
Q

What should those with G6Pd deficiency be told not to eat?

A

Flava beans

90
Q

What is cold autoimmune anaemia?

A

Haemolysis at cold temps

Presents with raynaud’s phenomenon

91
Q

What is warm autoimmune anaemia? What organomegaly is seen?

A

Haemolysis at extravascular sites at body temp

Hepatosplenomegaly as haemolysis is markedly in the spleen

92
Q

What additional signs and symptoms of anaemia do you get in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Jaundice
Haematuria
Hepatosplenomegaly

93
Q

What is the first line investigation for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Bloods

94
Q

What are the diagnostic investigations for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Bloods and blood film

Can do direct coombs test

95
Q

In what type of anaemia might you do direct coombs test?

A

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

96
Q

What will you see in urine in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

High urobilinogen

Haemoglobinuria

97
Q

What does high ferritin mean? When might it be seen

A

It means there is excess storage of iron in the body and this is a bad thing.
May be seen in anaemia of chronic disease and haemochromatosis

98
Q

What are iron levels and iron availability in anaemia of chronic disease?

A

Iron levels are high

Availability of this iron is low which explains why TIBC is low but ferritin is high

Year 3 (104 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions