Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > Headache (conditions on sofia) > Flashcards

Headache (conditions on sofia) Flashcards

1
Q

How will someone with migraines typically present?

A

Intermittent one sided headaches of moderate-severe intensity
Nausea
Aura
Photophobia
Phonophobia
Often something identifiable triggers the headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some risk factors for migraine?

A 
Women
Obesity
Sleep disorder
Medication overuse 
Menstruation
Stressful life events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are migraines diagnosed?

A

Usually investigations aren’t needed- diagnosis is based on history and examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What investigations are done for someone with migraines?

A

None usually but to rule out other conditions:
ESR= rule out temporal arteritis
CSF culture= rule out infection
CT head= acute headache to look for bleeds
MRI brain= if not acute and headaches are concerning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are migraines managed?

A

For prohylaxis= propanolol or topiramate
For treatment= NSAIDs, anti emetics, oral triptan (nasal triptan if they are younger)
Tell patients to identify and avoid triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What medications are used for prophylaxis of migraines?

A

Propanolol or topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long do migraines usually last?

A

4-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of headache will point you towards a diagnosis of migraines?

A 
Intermittent 
Lasts 4-72 hours
Has triggers
Unilateral
Throbbing or pulsatile pain
Associated with aura
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What character is the pain from headaches in migraines?

A

Throbbing or pulsatile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How will someone with tension headaches usually present?

A

Intermittent not severe headaches, pain is bilateral, usually lasts 30 mins- few hours, often occipital or frontal pain, pain is dull and non pulsatile
Not associated with aura, nausea, photophobia etc
They may have pressure behind their eyes and stiffening of neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are risk factors for tension headaches?

A

Mental tension
Stress
Missing meals
Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What investigations are done for tension headaches?

A

None, diagnosis is clinical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long do tension headaches usually last?

A

30 mins-few hours but it can be longer eg days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the character of pain in tension headaches?

A

Dull
Non pulsatile
Bilateral
Maybe occipital or frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are tension headaches treated?

A

NSAIDs, paracetamol, aspirin (no aspirin for under 16s)

If chronic then offer acupuncture for 5-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How will someone with trigeminal neuralgia present?

A

Sharp, stabbing, intense facial pain that lasts few seconds- 2 minutes in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve
Pain is triggered by sensory stimuli like chewing, wind, shaving

17
Q

Who is at risk of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Those with MS
Women
Those of increased age

18
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?

A

Anticonvulsant first line- usually carbamazepine

If severe and that doesn’t help then microvascular decompression or ablative surgery

19
Q

What investigations are carried out for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

None, diagnosis is clinical

20
Q

What are sinister causes of headache that need to be ruled out and how can you remember them?

A

VIVID:
Vascular- heamorrhage/ haematoma
Infection- meningitis/ encephalitis
Visual disturbance- temporal arteritis, acute glaucoma
Intercranial pressure (raised)- space occupying lesion like tumor, abcess, cyst
Dissection- carotid dissection

21
Q

What is triad of symptoms alerts you to third nerve palsy?

A

Ptosis (drooping eyelid)
Mydriasis (dilated pupil)
Eye deviated down and out

22
Q

What triad of symptoms points is indicative of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Ptosis- dropping eyelid
Miosis- constricited pupil
Anhydrosis- dry skin around the orbit

23
Q

What are red flag symptoms when someone has a headache?

A 
It follows trauma
There are visual deficits
There have been no previous episodes
There are focal neurological signs/ deficits 
It is sudden onset
It is intense
If there are symptoms alerting you to malignancy eg weight loss/fever/night sweats 
Level of conciousness is decreased 
Seizures have occoured 
Headache is persistent and progressive
Headache is worse lying down
Past hx of malignancy/infection like HIV/ immunosupression
24
Q

Describe the difference in symptoms between 3rd nerve, 6th nerve, 12th nerve palsy and horner’s syndrome

A

3rd nerve palsy= ptosis, mydriasis, eye down and out
6th nerve palsy= eye cannot abduct/ move laterally
12th nerve palsy= tongue deviates towards lesion
Horner’s syndrome= miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis

25
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

Dilated pupil

26
Q

Why is miosis?

A

Constricted pupil

27
Q

What are the medical terms for dilated vs constricted pupils?

A 
Dilated= mydriasis
Constricted= miosis

Year 3 (104 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions