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HUBS191 > T cells > Flashcards

T cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen presenting cell?

A

Cells that link the innate immune response with T cell and B cell responses

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2
Q

What do APC’s do?

A

Take up proteins from pathogens and process them into antigen. Then present antigens on MHC to T cells that then become activated

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3
Q

Where are APC’s?

A

All over the body ready to meet a pathogen

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4
Q

What are the best APC’s?

A

Dendritic cells

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5
Q

What are T cells?

A

Lymphocytes that are specific for a particular antigen

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6
Q

What can T cells do?

A

Get activated bu APC’s and then increase in number and make cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. They can also destroy pathogens and help other immune cells destroy pathogens

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7
Q

What are the two types of T cells?

A

CD4 and CD8

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8
Q

What is the first step of the immune response?

A

Pathogen infects at a tissue site

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9
Q

What happens after a pathogen infects at a tissue site?

A

Dendritic cells live in the tissue sites and see the pathogen first

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10
Q

What happens after dendritic cells see the pathogen?

A

Dendritic cells process the pathogen into antigenic peptides and load them onto MHC

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11
Q

What happens after dendritic cells process the pathogen into antigenic peptides and load them onto MHC?

A

Dendritic cells with antigenic peptide move to the local lymph node

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12
Q

What happens after dendritic cells with antigenic peptide move to the local lymph node?

A

T cells live in the lymph node and meet up with the dendritic cells

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13
Q

What happens after T cells live in the lymph node and meet up with the dendritic cells?

A

T cells get activated in the lymph node and make cytokines or become cytotoxic

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14
Q

What happens after T cells get activated in the lymph node and make cytokines or become cytotoxic?

A

B cells in the lymph node get activated and make antibodies

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15
Q

What are examples of endogenous antigens?

A

Viral proteins produced during viral replication and proteins produced by intracellular bacteria such as listeria

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16
Q

What are examples of exogenous bacteria?

A

Fungi, bacteria and parasites

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17
Q

Where do T cells arise?

A

In the bone marrow

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18
Q

Where do T cells fully develop?

A

In the thymus

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19
Q

What do T cells express?

A

A T cell receptor

20
Q

What does each T cell have?

A

A unique TCR specific for one peptide antigen and a co-receptor (CD4 or CD8)

21
Q

What do T cells recognise?

A

MHC/peptide complexes

22
Q

What happens in the bone marrow?

A

Production of T cell precursors and create T cells

23
Q

What happens in the thymus?

A

TCR gene rearrangement, make T cells able to recognise antigen and get rid of T cells that recognise self antigens

24
Q

What do immature T cells do?

A

Rearrange the variable parts of their TCR genes in the thymus

25
Q

The rearrangement process is…?

A

Essentially random

26
Q

What does Thymic gene rearrangement ensure?

A

That each individual T cell has a unique TCR

27
Q

What does Thymic gene rearrangement create?

A

Diversity in T cell repertoire= can recognise all types of pathogens

28
Q

What is the result of thymic gene rearrangement?

A

Mature (naive) T cells expressing unique antigen receptors (TCR)

29
Q

What happens during recognition?

A

T cells express a TCR that recognises peptide and MHc

30
Q

What happens after T cells express a TCR that recognises a peptide and MHC?

A

CD4 and CD8 co-receptors on T cells bind to MHC

31
Q

What do CD4 T cells recognise?

A

Peptide antigen in context of MHC-l

32
Q

What do CD8 T cells recognise?

A

Peptide antigen in context of MHC-ll

33
Q

What do CD4 T cells make?

A

Cytokines to support other immune cells

34
Q

What do CD8 T cells make?

A

Cytotoxic molecules to kill infected cells

35
Q

What are naive T cells?

A

T cells which have not been activated by MHC/peptide

36
Q

What are activated T cells known as?

A

Effector T cells

37
Q

What do effector T cells do?

A

Kill infected cells, make cytokines, support antibody production by B cells and remember the antigen for next time

38
Q

What does the CD4 T helper cell do?

A

Recognises MHC-ll/peptide, Helps CD8 T cell become cytotoxic and helps B cell make antibody

39
Q

What does CD8 T cell do?

A

Recognises MHC-l/peptide and develops into cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)

40
Q

As well as effector cells what does T cell activation result in?

A

Formation of memory T cells

41
Q

What do memory CD4 or CD8 T cells do?

A

Reside in the body for long periods of time and can become effector cells again much quicker than naive T cells do for the first time

42
Q

What is the receptor for HIV?

A

CD4 molecule on CD4 T cells

43
Q

What does infection lead to?

A

Loss of CD4 on T cells

44
Q

What do CD4 T cells help?

A

Both B cell and cytotoxic T cell responses

45
Q

What does HIV impact on?

A

Immunity to microbes (fungi, bacterial and virus) and to cancer

HUBS191 (29 decks)

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