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HUBS191 > Linking Innate & Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Linking Innate & Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

A minor constituent of blood but they are the main cells involved in immunity

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2
Q

Where are dendritic cells present?

A

In major organs

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3
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A

Phagocytose (gobble up) antigen and process it down to peptides

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4
Q

Where do dendritic cells migrate?

A

From organs (skin) to draining lymph node

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5
Q

What do dendritic cells present?

A

Peptides on MHC to other which blood cells (called T cells)

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6
Q

What can antibodies do?

A

Block the interaction between a molecule and its receptor

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7
Q

What can cytotoxic T cells do?

A

Come along and recognise an infected cell

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8
Q

What is APC?

A

Antigen presenting cell (includes any cell which can present antigen to T cell) lump

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9
Q

What are the two types of T cell?

A

CD4 and CD8

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10
Q

What is CTL?

A

Killer cells which produce molecules that can kill virus infected cells (perforin/granzyme)

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11
Q

What are TCR?

A

T cell receptors

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12
Q

What are CD4/CD8?

A

Co-receptors

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13
Q

What are MCH-I and MCH-II?

A

Major histocompatibility complex class 1 and 2

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14
Q

What does CD4 do?

A

Send chemical signals/cytokines to other cell types (B cells and CD8)

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15
Q

What do B cells do?

A

Differentiate into plasma cell which produces lots of antibody

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16
Q

What does CD8 do?

A

Make CTL killer cells

17
Q

What do perforin/granzyme do?

A

Cause lysis of infected cells (virus/cancer)

18
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Anything that has the potential to be recognised by the immune system

19
Q

What is a foreign antigen?

A

Anything from outside- transplants, pathogens and some chemicals

20
Q

What is auto (self)-antigen?

A

Immune system is normally tolerant of self-antigen. Self-antigen may be recognised in autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes)

21
Q

What is the purpose of antigen uptake (innate response)?

A

Clearance of pathogens

22
Q

What is the purpose of antigen uptake (adaptive response)?

A

For presentation to T cells

23
Q

when did adaptive immunity evolve in vertebrates?

A

500 million years ago

24
Q

Why did phagocytes evolve?

A

To keep remnants of pathogens and display these to other cells of the immune system (beginning of adaptive immune response)

25
Q

What do invertebrates have?

A

Innate immunity only

26
Q

What do vertebrates have?

A

Both innate and adaptive systems

27
Q

What do jawless fish have?

A

They are vertebrates with both innate and adaptive systems but their adaptive system is based off different structures compared with other vertebrates

28
Q

What happens with peptides from antigens?

A

They are loaded onto MHC molecules for immune surveillance (waiting to be recognised by T cells)

29
Q

What does MHC-I present?

A

Endogenous (intracellular) antigen

30
Q

What is MHC-I expressed on?

A

All nucleated cells (not red blood cells as they don’t have a nucleus)

31
Q

What does MHC-II present?

A

Exogenous (extracellular) antigen

32
Q

What is MHC-II expressed on?

A

Only on antigen presenting cells

33
Q

What happens first in MHC-I antigen processing?

A

Antigenic proteins are degraded to peptides in cytoplasm

34
Q

What happens after antigenic proteins are degraded to peptides in the cytoplasm?

A

Peptides are imported into endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

35
Q

What happens after peptides are imported into endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Peptide loading of MHC-I takes place in ER

36
Q

What happens first in MHC-II antigen processing?

A

Antigenic proteins are degraded in acidic phagolysosome

37
Q

What happens after antigenic proteins are degraded in acidic phagolysosome?

A

Peptide loading of MHC-II takes place in phagolysosome

HUBS191 (29 decks)

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