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HUBS191 > Structure and Layout of Major Brain Areas, Sensory and Motor Pathways > Flashcards

Structure and Layout of Major Brain Areas, Sensory and Motor Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal lober, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe and cerebellum

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2
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

Furrow/valley

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3
Q

What is sulci?

A

Furrows/valleys

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4
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

Hill

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5
Q

What are gyri?

A

Hills

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6
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

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7
Q

What does the parietal-occipital sulcus separate?

A

Parietal and occipital lobes

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8
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

The temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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9
Q

What does the transverse fissure separate?

A

Cerebrum from cerebellum

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10
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor control, language and personality

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11
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory (afferent sensory information processed)

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12
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

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13
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Memory and hearing

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14
Q

What is the cerebral cortex also called?

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

What is the white matter in the brain called?

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

What is included in the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblngata

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17
Q

What is included in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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18
Q

Where is the diencephalon found?

A

Above the brain stem

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19
Q

Where is the level of the foramen magnum?

A

At the bottom of the brain stem (in line with the medulla oblongata)

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20
Q

What is the thalamus part of?

A

The diencephalon and not the brainstem

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21
Q

How many types of white matter are there in the brain?

A

3

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22
Q

Where is the grey matter in the brain?

A

The cerebral cortex

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23
Q

Hoe many deep nuclei (cell bodies) are in the brain?

A

4

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24
Q

What are the types of white matter in the brain?

A

Commisural Tracts, Projection Tracts and Association Tracts

25
Q

What do commissural tract axons do?

A

Cross from side to side (one side of the brain to the other) in both directions

26
Q

What is an example of a commissural tract?

A

Corpus callosum

27
Q

What do projection tract axons do?

A

Extend between cortex and other CNS areas outside the cerebrum

28
Q

What is an example of a projection tract?

A

Corticospinal tract

29
Q

What do the axons of association tracts do?

A

Axons are on the same side within the cerebral cortex and allow for communication between brain areas (short or long distance)

30
Q

What is found before the central sulcus?

A

The pre-central gyrus

31
Q

What is found after the central sulcus?

A

The post-central gyrus

32
Q

What does the precentral gyrus function as?

A

The primary motor cortex

33
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

Specific regions of the motor cortex control specific regions of the body

34
Q

How many neurons between the brain and the effector in the corticospinal pathway?

A

2 (upper motor neuron - neuron#1 and lower motor neuron - neuron#2)

35
Q

What pathway is associated with the primary motor cortex?

A

Corticospinal

36
Q

Where is the cell body of the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal pathway?

A

In the primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus)

37
Q

Where is the axon of the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal pathway?

A

Extends from the motor cortex to the spinal cord on the opposite side

38
Q

Where is the synapse of the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal pathway?

A

On the lower motor neuron

39
Q

Where is the cell body of the lower motor neuron of the corticospinal pathway?

A

In the ventral horn (grey matter) of the spinal cord

40
Q

Where is the axon of the lower motor neuron of the corticospinal pathway?

A

Extends out of the spinal cord (ventral root) into the body

41
Q

Where is the synapse of the lower motor neuron of the corticospinal pathway?

A

On the skeletal muscle

42
Q

What does the right pre-central gyrus control?

A

The skeletal muscle on the left side of the body

43
Q

What does the left pre-central gyrus control?

A

The skeletal muscle on the right side of the body

44
Q

What happens if there is damage to the primary motor cortex?

A

Muscle weakens and paralysis in region of the body corresponding to the location of damage (on the opposite side to where the damage is in the motor cortex)

45
Q

What does the post-central gyrus function as?

A

The primary somatosensory cortex

46
Q

What does the primary somatosensory cortex do?

A

Specific regions receive sensory information from specific regions of the body

47
Q

What pathway is associated with the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Dorsal/posterior column pathway

48
Q

How many neurons between the sensory receptors in the body and the somatosensory neuron in the post-central gyrus?

A

3

49
Q

Where is the cell body of the neuron #1 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

In the dorsal root ganglion (unipolar ganglion)

50
Q

What is input to the cell body of neuron #1 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

Peripheral fibre (input zone) from sensory receptor in skin

51
Q

What is the output of the cell body of neuron #1 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

Central fibre (output zone) ascends towards brain in dorsal columns (spinal cord white matter)

52
Q

Where is the synapse of neuron #1 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

On neuron #2 in the medulla oblongata

53
Q

Where is the cell body of neuron #2 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

In the medulla oblongata

54
Q

Where the axon of neuron #2 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

Axon crosses to the opposite side and then ascends

55
Q

Where is the synapse of neuron #3 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

On cell body of somatosensory cortex neuron

56
Q

Where is the cell body of neuron #3 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

In the thalamus

57
Q

Where is the axon of neuron #3 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

Ascends to the somatosensory cortex

58
Q

Where is the synapse of neuron #3 of the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

A

On the cell body of a somatosensory cortex neuron

59
Q

What happens if the cell in the somatosensory cortex that receives information from the dorsal column pathway dies?

A

Ascending information has no place to go and there is no perception of touch in that area if the body on the opposite side to the damage

HUBS191 (29 decks)

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