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HUBS191 > Nerve & Muscle- Flow of Information > Flashcards

Nerve & Muscle- Flow of Information Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of information transmitted in the nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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2
Q

What is somatic information?

A

The stuff we are aware of and have control over

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3
Q

What is the two types of somatic information?

A

Somatic efferent (motor) and somatic afferent (sensory)

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4
Q

What is somatic efferent information?

A

Voluntary muscle control

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5
Q

What is somatic afferent information?

A

Sensory information we are aware of

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6
Q

What is autonomic information?

A

The stuff we aren’t aware of and have no control over

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7
Q

What is the two types of autonomic information?

A

Autonomic efferent (motor) and autonomic afferent (sensory)

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8
Q

What is autonomic efferent information?

A

Involuntary muscle control

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9
Q

What is autonomic afferent information?

A

Sensory information that we don’t know about

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10
Q

How many neurons are between the brain and effector in the somatic efferent division?

A

2

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11
Q

What are the two neurons called in the somatic efferent division?

A

Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron

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12
Q

Where is the cell body of the upper motor neuron?

A

In the brain (CNS)

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13
Q

Where is the axon of the upper motor neuron?

A

In the spinal cord (CNS)

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14
Q

What is the myelination status of the upper motor neurons axon?

A

Myelinated

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15
Q

Where is the cell body of the lower motor neuron?

A

In the spinal cord (CNS)

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16
Q

Where is the axon of the lower motor neuron?

A

In the spinal nerve (PNS)

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17
Q

What are effectors?

A

Things the nerve goes to and controls

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18
Q

What is the effector of the somatic efferent division?

A

Skeletal muscle fibres

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19
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the somatic efferent division?

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

Where is acetylcholine released in the somatic efferent division?

A

At the synaptic cleft of the lower motor neuron

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21
Q

What is the pre-synaptic cell?

A

The lower motor neuron

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22
Q

What is the post-synaptic cell?

A

The effector/muscle

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23
Q

Where do the pre and post synaptic cells meet?

A

At the neuromuscular junction

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24
Q

What control is the autonomic efferent nervous system under?

A

Involuntary

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25
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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26
Q

What are the effectors of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose (fat) tissue

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27
Q

How many neurons are between the brain and the effector in the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

3

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28
Q

Where is the cell body of neuron #1?

A

In the brain (CNS)

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29
Q

Where is the axon of neuron #1?

A

In the brain or spinal cord (CNS)

30
Q

Where is the cell body in neuron #2?

A

Brain or spinal cord (CNS)

31
Q

Where is the axon in neuron#2?

32
Q

What is the myelination status of the axon of neuron #2?

A

Myelinated

33
Q

Where is the synapse of neuron #2?

A

The autonomic ganglion

34
Q

What is neuron #2 also known as?

A

Preganglionic neuron

35
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of neuron #2?

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

Where is the cell body of neuron #3?

A

In the PNS (autonomic ganglion)

37
Q

Where is the axon of neuron #3?

A

Extends in the PNS to the effector organ

38
Q

What is the myelination status of neuron #3?

A

Unmyelinated

39
Q

Where is the synapse of neuron #3?

A

At the effector organ

40
Q

What is neuron #3 also known as?

A

Post-ganglionic neuron

41
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of neuron #3?

A

Acetylcholine or norepinephrine

42
Q

What are the subdivisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

43
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Norepinephrine

44
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

45
Q

What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system do?

A

Prepare the body for acute/stress responses

46
Q

What does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system do?

A

Prepare the body for restful situations?

47
Q

What is the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system also known as?

A

The fight or flight system

48
Q

What is the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system also known as?

A

The rest and digest system

49
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Increased heart rate, constricting blood vessels to increase the blood flow to muscles, decrease gastric motility, decreased salivation, increased pupil size and increased sweating

50
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Decreased heart rat, increased gastric motility, decreased pupil size and increased salivation

51
Q

What is the length of the axon of neuron #2 in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

52
Q

What is the length of the axon of neuron #2 in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

53
Q

Where is the position of the ganglion in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Close to the CNS

54
Q

Where is the position of the ganglion in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

Distant from the CNS

55
Q

What is the length of the axon of neuron #3 in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

56
Q

What is the length of the axon of neuron #3 in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

57
Q

Where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron found in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

In the thoracolumbar (thoracic and lumbar regions) levels of the spinal cord (CNS)

58
Q

What is the length of the axon of the preganglionic neuron found in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

59
Q

Where do the axon terminals of the preganglionic neuron found in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system synapse?

A

In the sympathetic ganglion

60
Q

Where is the cell body of the postganglionic neuron found in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

In the sympathetic ganglion

61
Q

What is the length of the axon of the postganglionic neuron found in the sympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

62
Q

Where is the sympathetic chain ganglia found?

A

Either side of the vertebral column

63
Q

How many pairs of sympathetic chain ganglia are there?

64
Q

Sympathetic chain ganglia is the place where…

A

Preganglionic (neuron #2) axons synapse onto the postganglionic (neuron #3) input zone

65
Q

What is the myelination status of the sympathetic chain ganglia?

A

Unmyelianted

66
Q

Where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron found in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

In cranial (brainstem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels

67
Q

What is the length of the axon of the preganglionic neuron found in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

68
Q

Where do the axon terminals of the preganglionic neuron found in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system synapse?

A

In the parasympathetic ganglia which is in or near the effector

69
Q

Where is the cell body of the postganglionic neuron found in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

A

In the parasympathetic ganglia which is in or near the effector organs

70
Q

What is the length of the axon of the postganglionic neuron found in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic efferent nervous system?

HUBS191 (29 decks)

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