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HUBS191 > Bone & Biomechanics 1 > Flashcards

Bone & Biomechanics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do bodies in the labs come from?

A

Bequests

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2
Q

What is informed consent?

A

People while alive make the free choice to donate their bodies.

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3
Q

What type of consent is required for the bodies to be used?

A

Dual consent from a family member and the donor

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4
Q

How long are bodies held for?

A

Approximately 18 months but if used for teaching may be longer

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5
Q

What are molecules made from?

A

Atoms

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6
Q

How are cells formed?

A

Interaction of molecules

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7
Q

What do cells do?

A

Secrete and regulate extracellular materials and fluid

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8
Q

What forms tissue?

A

Cells and extracellular fluid

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9
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, muscle, nervous and connective

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10
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Covering exposed surfaces, lining internal passageways and forming secretory glands

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11
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Providing protection and sensation, controlling permeability, producing specialised secretions

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12
Q

What is an example of epithelial tissue?

A

Glands and epithelia

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13
Q

What are glands?

A

A collection of cells which secrete things

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14
Q

What are the two types of glands?

A

Endocrine and Exocrine

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15
Q

Exocrine glands secrete things…

A

through a duct

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16
Q

Endocrine glands secrete things…

A

into the blood

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17
Q

Where is connective tissue found?

A

Filling internal spaces, providing structural support and storing energy

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18
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue?

A

Proper, fluid and supporting

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19
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Structure, transporting fluids and dissolved materials, protection, support surround and connect other tissue types, store energy, defend body from microorganisms

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20
Q

What are examples of connective tissue?

A

collagen fibres and elastic fibres

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21
Q

What do collagen fibres do?

A

Resist pull

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22
Q

What do elastic fibres do?

A

Stretch (don’t resist pull)

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23
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Contracting to produce movement

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24
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac, smooth and skeletal

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25
Q

What is then function of nervous tissue?

A

Conducting electrical impulses and carrying information

26
Q

What is nervous tissue made of?

A

Neurons with large heads and axons swell as supporting glia which give structure, support and repair

27
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance of controlled variables within the body

28
Q

What does homeostasis rely on?

A

Regulatory mechanisms which ensure controlled variables don’t move too far from the set point

29
Q

What is feedback?

A

When the controlled variable moves too far from the set point and responses from the body attempt to move the variable back to normal.

30
Q

What is feedforward?

A

When there is an anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, you may consciously or unconsciously do something to minimise the effect

31
Q

Why is the anatomical position important?

A

It creates clarity when talking about the person

32
Q

Superior

A

Above

33
Q

Inferior

A

Below

34
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

35
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

36
Q

Proximal

A

Towards then point of attachment of a limb

37
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of attachment of a limb

38
Q

Anterior

A

The front surface

39
Q

Posterior

A

The back surface

40
Q

Deep

A

Further from the surface

41
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface

42
Q

Where does the sagittal plane cut?

A

From front to back giving left and right portions

43
Q

What divides the body into a mirror image?

A

Midsaggital/medial plane

44
Q

Where does the coronal plane cut?

A

From left to right giving anterior and posterior sections

45
Q

Where does the transverse plane cut?

A

Across giving superior and inferior sections

46
Q

What movements occur in the saggital plane?

A

Back and forward movements

47
Q

What movements occur in the coronal plane?

A

Side to side movements

48
Q

What movements occur in the transverse plane?

A

Rotating movements

49
Q

What is flexion?

A

Movement decreasing the angle between fleshy points of the limb

50
Q

What is extension?

A

Movement increasing the angle between fleshy points of the limb

51
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Upward movement of the foot/toes

52
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Downward movement of the foot/toes

53
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement at the joint moving limb away from the midline

54
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement at the joint moving limb towards the midline

55
Q

Where is the midline of the hands?

A

Middle finger

56
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

57
Q

What is rotation?

A

Around the long axis of a joint (can be medial and lateral)

58
Q

What is pronation?

A

Palms face posterior

59
Q

What is supination?

A

Palms face anterior

60
Q

What is inversion?

A

Sole of foot moves towards midline

61
Q

What is eversion?

A

Sole of foot moves away from midline

HUBS191 (29 decks)

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