Endocrine System: Effects of Hormones

Question 1

What cells does insulin effect?

Answer 1

Muscle, adipose (fat) and liver

Question 2

What does insulin do at the muscle and adipose (fat cells)?

Answer 2

Increases glucose uptake, increases amino acid uptake, glycogen, protein and fat synthesis

Question 3

What does insulin do at the liver cells?

Answer 3

Glucose output stops to increase net glucose uptake, glycogen and fat synthesis

Question 4

What cells does glucagon effect?

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

What does glucagon do at the liver cells?

Answer 5

Increase breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis), increase glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) and increase ketone synthesis

Question 6

What does antidiuretic hormone effect?

Answer 6

Kidneys

Question 7

What does antidiuretic hormone do to the kidneys?

Answer 7

Stimulates the reabsorption of water

Question 8

What is the effect of oxytocin?

Answer 8

Contraction of uterine muscles during child birth and milk release when breast feeding

Question 9

What does the growth hormone effect?

Answer 9

Muscle, liver and fat cells

Question 10

What does growth hormone do at the muscle cells?

Answer 10

Stimulates protein synthesis (long term) and inhibits cellular uptake of glucose (short term)

Question 11

What does growth hormone do at the liver cells?

Answer 11

Stimulates glucose synthesis (short term)

Question 12

What does growth hormone do at eh fat cels?

Answer 12

Increases triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue (short term). Promotes the growth of bones, muscles and other tissue by causing release of somatomedin C which promotes cell division (long term)

Question 13

What are the effects of thyroid hormone?

Answer 13

Increases body heat production (increases oxygen consumption and ATP hydrolysis), stimulates fatty acid oxidation (usage of stored fat) in many tissues. Increases proteolysis predominantly in muscle. stimulates carbohydrate metabolism (usage of stored glucose). enhances insulin-dependent entry of glucose into cells. increases gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. stimulates growth. nervous system (normal alertness and reflexes)

Question 14

What doe parathyroid hormone effect?

Answer 14

Kidneys, intestines and bone

Question 15

What does parathyroid hormone do at the kidneys?

Answer 15

Increase calcium reabsorption to decrease urinary excretion and converts vitamin D to calcitriol which has an effect in the intestines

Question 16

What does parathyroid hormone do in the intestines?

Answer 16

Calcitriol produced by the kidneys causes the increased absorption of calcium from food

Question 17

What does the parathyroid hormone do at bone?

Answer 17

Increases bone breakdown to increase calcium released into the blood

Question 18

What does adrenaline effect?

Answer 18

Skeletal muscle, liver and fat cells

Question 19

What does adrenaline do at the skeletal muscle and liver cells?

Answer 19

Increase breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 20

What does adrenaline do at the fat cells?

Answer 20

Increases breakdown of fat to fatty acids

Question 21

What does cortisol effect?

Answer 21

Muscle, fat and liver cells?

Question 22

What does cortisol do at the muscle cells?

Answer 22

Increase protein breakdown and decrease glucose uptake

Question 23

What does cortisol do at the fat cells?

Answer 23

Increase fat breakdown and decrease glucose uptake

Question 24

What does cortisol do in liver cells?

Answer 24

Increase glucose synthesis