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ANSC 212 > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

what are pigs interms of how there diet is

A

pigs are omnivorous monogastric animals

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2
Q

how do pigs do with fibre and why would they need it

A

-can digest only smaller quantitys of crude fibre
-their capacity to utilize roughage is limited
-they need a small amount for:gut health, to reduce feed cost

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3
Q

what are the 5 main parts of the pigs digestive system

A

-mouth
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intest
-large intest

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4
Q

what is the mouth

A

-entrance and medium for mechanical break down of the food (chewing)
-saliva is also produced to soften and moisten the feed
-contains the enzyme (amylase) which starts the digestion of starch

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5
Q

what is the esophagus

A

a tube that carries the food form the mouth to the stomach via a series of muscle contractions

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6
Q

what is the role of the stomach

A

-chemicals are added to the food-HCl and enzymes
-break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to smaller units

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7
Q

what is the small intestine

A

-duodenum, jejunum , ileum
-inner surface of the small intestine has fingerlike projections called villi
-villi provide the absorptive surface area for nutrients

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8
Q

what makes up the large intestine

A

-short cecum
-long colon
-rectum
-anus

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9
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine

A

-microbial fermentation
-absorption of water

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10
Q

what nutrients are required by swine

A

-energy
-animo acids
-minerals
-vitamins

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11
Q

what do pigs require energy for

A

maintenance, growth, and reproduction

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12
Q

what amino acids do pigs need

A

indispensable and dispensable amino acids

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13
Q

what are indispensable amino acids

A

essential amino acids PVT TIM HALL

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14
Q

what minerals do pigs need

A

calcium, phosphrous, sodium, selenium, manganese, copper, zinc, etc

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15
Q

what vitamins do pigs need

A

A, D, E, K, C, riboflavin, niacin, vit B12, biotin, etc

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16
Q

what vitamin do gestating sows require more of

A

Vit A and D
-7,200 IU/day of vit A carotene
-360IU/day of vit D

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17
Q

what are the animal factors that determine the amount of nutrient required by the swine

A

-the product you are raising them for (lean meat or fat)
-age
-breed
-production state (growing, lactating sows, pregnant sows, boras)
health status

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18
Q

what are some common energy sources for swine

A

-corn(the most energy)
-wheat barley(same amount of energy)
-fat sources (concentrated energy)

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19
Q

what are some common amino acid sources for swine

A

-soybean meal (44%)
canola meal (36%)
peas (21%)
lentils
sunflower meal
meat meal
distillers grains with solubles
synthetic amino acids

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20
Q

what are some common mineral/vitamin sources for swine

A

-monocalcium phoshate/dicalcum phosphate: calcium&phosphrous
-bonemeal (ca)
-limestone (ca)
-premixes:minerals and vitimims

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21
Q

what are some feed factors that determine the amount of nutrients available to swine

A

-quantity
-frequency of feeding
-other ingredients in the mix
-feed processing
-antinutrients– fiber, phytate etc

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22
Q

what is one of the top challenges for the swine indistry

A

feed

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23
Q

how much does feed cost account for the overall cost of swine production

A

appx 70%

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24
Q

what are some possible solutions to help with the high price of pork feed

A

-source a variety of ingredients, including by-products
-utilize novel technologies (micronization, extrusion)
-enzyme technology

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25
Q

what are some general indicators of ill health in swine

A

-reduced appetite
-isolation
-changing in amount, color, consistency of feces
-coughing
-sneezing
-dull hair coat
-alterations in gait

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26
Q

what are some sources of diseases in swine

A

-diseased or healthy swine incubating diseases
-animals other then swine (animals, pets, birds, vermin, insects)
-clothing or shoes of visitors and employees moving farm to farm
-contaminated feed, water, bedding, soil
-carcasses of dead animals
-contaminated equipment or veichels
-airborne particles and dust blown by wind

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27
Q

what are some common swine diseases

A

-swine brucellosis
-pseudorabies
-porcine epidemic diarrhea
-porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome
-african swine fever
-classical swine fever
-swine vesicular disease
trichinellosis

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28
Q

what is swine brucellosis and what is it caused by

A

-infectious diseases of swine
-caused by brucella suis. biovars 1 or 3

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29
Q

how does swine brucellosis spread

A

-in semen during breeding
-by ingesting, inhaling, or eye contact with bacteria
-in milk, repo fluids, placenta, aborted fetus, and urine
-potentially zoonotic

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30
Q

where does the infection of brucellosis localize

A

-in various tissues:
-joints leading to lameness
-cause chronic inflammatory lesions in reproductive organs
-can cause abortions, infertility, low milk production

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31
Q

what is pseudorabies

A

-disease of swine that can also affect cattle, dogs, cats, sheep, goats
-caused pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a contagious herosevirus

32
Q

how does pseudorabies spread

A

-direct animal to animal (nose to nose) contact or sexual contact
-inanimate objects, boots, clothes, feed, trucks, eqipment

33
Q

what does pseudorabies cause

A

-reproductive problems- abortions, stillbirths
-respiratory problems
-occasional deaths in breeding and finishing hogs

34
Q

what are some symptoms of pseudorabies in pigs

A

-CNS clinical signs
-incoordination’
-sneezing, caughing
-high mortality

35
Q

what are some symptoms of pseudorabies in adult pigs

A

-coughing, fever, pneumonia
-CNS signs
-reproductive signs such as failure to breed, abortions, stillbirths, small litters

36
Q

what causes porcine epidemic diarrhea

A

porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

37
Q

how is porcine epidemic diarrhea transmitted

A

through feces and direct contact between infected and non infected animals

38
Q

what type of pigs does porcine epidemic diarrhea effect and what does it do to them

A

-effects all types of pigs
-resulting in dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea
-symptoms may be severe in very young piglets to very mild/non-existant in finishing pigs

39
Q

how can porcine epidemic diarrhea be prevented

A

through proper biosecurity

40
Q

what is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

A

-viral disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

41
Q

what are some symptoms of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

A

-reproductive failure in sows
-respiratory diseases in growing and finishing
-diarrhea in weanling piglets

42
Q

what are the issues and preventions of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

A

-economically devastating, world wide
-vaccines are available but new varients constantly emerging

43
Q

what are piglets most susceptible to for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

A

-infection and dehydration
-piglets develop severe diarrhea and die of dehydration
-less then 7 days of age=100% mortality
-7 to 28 day=30% mortality
-older pigs and sows develop a transient diarrhea, may go off feed for a couple days

44
Q

what are some reportable diseases of swine that are considered to be of great public health importance

A

-trichinellosis
-hog cholera aka classical swine fever
-african swine fever
-swine vesicular disease
-foot and mouth disease

45
Q

what are some possible clinical signs of reportable diseases

A

-blisters or ulcers on mouth, nose, feet, teats
-paralysis, hind end weakness, or stumbling (drunken) gait
-muscle twitching and trembline, very exaggerated responce to skin being touched
-severe behavioural changes (aggression, vocalization)
-hemorrhages (bleeding) into or out of body openings or into internal organs
-severe bloody diarrhea
-recumbent (refuse to stand)
-severe skin discloloration

46
Q

what is foot an mouth disease

A

a severe, highly communicable viral disease in cattle and swine

47
Q

what are signs of foot and mouth disease

A

fever and blister like sores on the tongue and lips, in the mouth, on the teats and between hooves

48
Q

what is swine vesicular disease

A

-an acute, contagious viral disease of pigs characterized by fever and vesicles (fluid filled blisters) in the mouth and on the snout, feet and teats

48
Q

can you tell swine vesicular disease form foot and mouth

A

no

49
Q

what species are affected by swine vesicular disease

A

just swine

50
Q

how serous is swine vesicular disease

A

illness varies in severity but is rarley fatal

51
Q

what is african swine fever (ASF)

A

contagous viral disease of swine

52
Q

how serious is ASF

A

causes high mortality rates in infected domestic pigs, european wild boars, and american wild pigs

53
Q

where and how long can ASF survive

A

for several months in fresh pork, and processed pork products
is resistant to low tempratures

54
Q

what happens to pigs that survive ASF

A

they are carriers for life

55
Q

what plays a major role in transmission of ASF

A

ticks and fomites

56
Q

what is the mortality rate of ASF

A

could reach 100%

57
Q

where are zones detected for ASF

A

south-sahara africa, iberic peninsula, and south america

58
Q

what is hog cholera or classical swine fever

A

it is a highly contagious viral disease of swine with high morbidity and high mortality

59
Q

what are pre death signs of classical swine fever

A

-standing with arched back
-diarrhea
-staggered gait
-conjunctivitis
-purplish discolouration of the skin

60
Q

what are post death signs of classical swine fever

A

hemorrhages/necrotic lesions of the: skin
-tonsils
-lymph nodes
-small intestine
-kidneys
-spleen

61
Q

what is trichinellosis

A

-disease of animals and humans caused by small imtramuscular parasitic nematodes (roundworms) of the genus trichinella

62
Q

how does disease affect profits

A

-increased mortality
-reduced weight gain
-reduced feed conversion
-reduced barn throughput
-increased incidences of other diseases
-condemnations at slaughter
-increased vet cost

63
Q

what are some factors that increase disease

A

-cold temp
-moisture
-hight bacterial count
-low immunity
-poor nutrition
-parasites
-crowding

64
Q

what are some factors that decrease diesease

A

-warm temps
-dry conditions
-sanitation
-high immunity
-good nutrition
-worming
-adequate space

65
Q

what are some disease control opportunities

A

-maintain biosecurity
-consume colostrum
-adequate ventilation, optimal environment
-antibiotics

66
Q

what is biosecurity

A

describes the measure and procedures needed to protect a population against the introduction and spread of pathogens

67
Q

what does biosecurity reduce the risk of

A

the risk of introduction and spread of disease agents

68
Q

what are biosecurity principals for swine

A

-isolation
-sanitation
-traffic control
-herd health management
-program maintenance

69
Q

isolation

A

isolate sick pigs form the herd. obtain animals from reputable source, all in all out

70
Q

sanitation

A

clean and disinfect buildings, barns, equipment, clothing, and foot wear
designate a cleaning area for vehicles and equipment

71
Q

traffic control

A

-control visitors access, require visitors to wear clean boots, clothing and gloves
-prevent birds, rodents, pets, and other animals, maintain records of the movement of people, animals and equipment

72
Q

herd health management

A

monitor herd health daily, uniquely identify all animals for traceability, vaccinate pigs against certain diseases

73
Q

program maintenance

A

staff training, monitor biosecurity effectiveness

74
Q
A

ANSC 212 (34 decks)

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