Anatomy and physiology- muscular system

Question 1

what does muscle consist of

Answer 1

largely water and protein

Question 2

how much of muscle is made of water

Answer 2

appx 70%

Question 3

why is muscle cheaper to put on a carcass then fat

Answer 3

because it requires less energy compared to fat which has little water (5%)

Question 4

how does fat energy compare to carbohydrates and proteins

Answer 4

it has 2.25x more energy
carbohydrates 4 cal/g
protein 4 cal/g
fat 9 cal/g

Question 5

what are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 5

skeletal
smooth
cardiatic

Question 6

what are the two features of skeletal muscle

Answer 6

it is voluntary and striated (characterized by cross striations)

Question 7

what are striations on skeletal muscle caused by

Answer 7

the proteins:
-actin (thing filament)
-myosin (thick filament)

Question 8

what are some functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

-movement and work
-maintain body temp
exercise-heat
contraction-maintenance
-maintain posture
-stabilize joints

Question 9

how does muscle connect to bone, what is the purpose of this

Answer 9

-connected to bones by tendons which consist of connective tissue
-muscle are usually attached to two bones and provide power for movement of body parts

Question 10

what are the different kinds of movement skeletal muscles facilitate

Answer 10

-extendor muscles cause a part to straighten
increase angels between members of limbs (straightening elbow)
-flexor cause apart to bend
decrease angle between bones on two sides of joint (bending knee)
-abductor muscle to cause a part to move away form the body
outer thigh muscle (lifting leg away form body)
-adductor muscle causing a part to move toward the body plane
inner thigh muscle (bring legs together and rotate them inwards

Question 11

how does the canadian beef carcass grading system work

Answer 11

based off:
quality
youthful cattle—A,AA,AAA, B1-4
mature cattle—D1-4(cow)or E(bull)

yield
youthful cattle grade 1-5= estimate of % carcass saleable at retail
-external fat deth
-ribeye area
-hot carcass weight
-estimate kidney, pelvic, heart fat

Question 12

how is smooth muscle made up

Answer 12

spindle-shaped cells containing a single nucleus

Question 13

where is smooth muscle found

Answer 13

-GA tract
-blood vessels
-urinary organs
-repo organs

Question 14

how is the contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 14

contracts more slow and with less force then other muscles

Question 15

how is smooth muscle made up

Answer 15

increased stretch compared to other muscle and retains ability to contract

Question 16

is smooth muscle (in)voluntary?

Answer 16

it is involuntary
-autonomic control of the nervous and endocrine system (i.e. adrenalin and noradrenalin)

Question 17

what are the key features of the cardiac muscle

Answer 17

-found in heart
-involuntary and striated
striated so that it can contract quickly and strongly
-under autonomic control