Anatomy and physiology- Vertebra

Question 1

what are the types of vertabra

Answer 1

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 2

what are the main features of cervical vertebrae

Answer 2

small in size
-small spinal process
-small transverse process
atlas and axis vertabra
-articular process (facilitate neck movement)
-domestic animals have 7CV
-chickens have 14CV

Question 3

what are the main features of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

have well developed spinal process
# varies form 12-18
-depends on species
-cow 13-14
in shoulder region
-forms the basis for dorsal prominence know as wethers

all thoracic vertebra are connected to ribs

Question 4

what are the main features of the lumbar vertabra

Answer 4

-large, flat transverse process which projects laterally
-form the long arm of bone in a Tbone
-usually 5-6 lumbar vertebrae

Question 5

what are the features of sacral vertebrae

Answer 5

-are fused to form a single wedged-shape bone known as the sacrum
-the pelvis is joined to the sacrum
-usually 4-5 vertebrae

Question 6

what are the features of the coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 6

-forms the tail
-# varies form species to species and even within species
-cattle 18-20
-horses 15-25
-dogs 20-23

Question 7

what is the stenum

Answer 7

-it forms the floor of the thorax
-gives attachment to “true ribs”

Question 8

what are ribs, where do that attach, what do they do

Answer 8

-they form the lateral walls
-they all attach to the thoracic vertebrae
-protect the lungs and circulatory system

Question 9

what are false ribs

Answer 9

aka floating ribs they aren’t connected to the sternum

Question 10

what is perissodactyl phalanges

Answer 10

odd toed animals
animals that bare weight on one toe (3 toes)
horse, zebra, donkey

Question 11

what is artiodactyl phalanges

Answer 11

even toed animals
bear weight on 2 and 4 toes
cow, sheep, pig