Swine Flashcards
why house swine
- Provision of comfortable environment and health.
- Provision of desirable working condition for those working on the farm.
- Integration of housing with feeding, watering, and manure handling systems.
what are the benefits to a good housing system
▪ Improved sanitation.
▪ Increased baby pig survival.
▪ Better disease, parasite, and predator control.
▪ Faster rates of gain and Increased carcass quality assurance.
▪ Better environmental temperature regulation.
▪ More use of technology for labor savings.
▪ Targeted nutrition for various stages of growth.
▪ Increased efficiency for reduced costs to consumers.
what are some important factors to consider when choosing a housing location
▪ Proximity to essential amenities like water, electricity, good roads, etc.
▪ Typically, isolated to reduce the potential for disease introduction and “odor issues” with the neighbors.
▪ It must be in a reasonable distance from other swine farms.
▪ Not prone to flooding.
▪ Avoid a site with prolonged exposure to sunlight and direction of prevailing winds
▪ Availability of Land for Manure Management.
how are are confined/intensive houses ventilated
mechanically
what are some advantages to confined/intensive housing systems
▪ Control of the environment
▪ Manure separated from pigs
▪ Relatively easy to clean and disinfect
▪ Multiple penning, allow for phase feeding etc.
▪ Strict biosecurity possible
▪ Good parasite control
Challenges
▪ Very high initial cost
what are some challenges with confinement/intensive systems
high initial cost
what are some features of hoop bars (bio shelter)
-naturally ventilated
-deep bedding
-manure handled as solid
what are some advantages of a hoop barn
- Lower cost investment per pig
- Multiple use building
- Some environmental control
what are some challenges to a hoop barn
- Bedding
- Heat and humidity may be a problem
- Sorting pigs, treating sick pigs
- Difficult to clean and disinfect
how are characteristics to pasture/extensive housing
-seasonal
-low cost
niche market
what are some advantages to pasture/extensive housing
-animals root and forage
-pasture management
what are some challenges to pasture/extensive housing
- Minimal environmental control
- Cleaning and disinfecting problematic
- Predation, disease control
- Weather (heat and cold)
- Individual pig monitoring
why do barns need to be ventilated
▪ Older pigs can generate warm air as they breath.
▪ Dust are generated in the barns.
▪ Ammonia and other noxious gases are generated.
▪ Warm air, moisture, noxious gases and dust must be removed from pig barns
via the ventilation system.
▪ However, the heat must be replaced.
▪ Barns are typically heated with gas heat.
what is required in farrowing and nursing
supplental heat
how do the need for heat in pigs change
-with body weight
-with slatted vs non slatted floors
what requires more heat slatted or unslatted floors
solid floors require less
slatted require more
at what weigth does the amout of heat pigs need plateu and what temp is this
plateus at just above 50kg
at 14(solid floor) 15(slatted floor) kg
how is swine manure handled
as a liquid rather then a solid
how is manure stored and what is done with it
▪ Manure pits are located under the pens and used for short term
storage.
▪ The manure pits are routinely emptied by either gravity flow or pumped
to a lagoon for longer term storage.
▪ Manure can be a valuable source of nutrients to the surrounding
farmland if managed properly
what do manure managements plans ensure
▪ Manure management plans ensure that the soil nutrient
composition remains balanced.
▪ Leaching to groundwater is minimized.
▪ Minimize odour.
▪ Required information:
▪ Nutrient composition of the manure
▪ Soil composition
▪ Nutrient uptake by the crop
what are Weaner pigs
a maximum of 6 weeks old and are fed their mother’s milk as their only food
what are grower pigs
a pig between weaning and sale or transfer to the breeding herd, sold for slaughter or killed for rations
what are finisher pigs
a grower pig over 70 kg (150 lb) liveweight
how are replacement guilts handled
▪ Female pigs to be mated for the first time in
order to enter the reproductive herd.
▪ Purchased from Breeding Company
▪ Or selected from within the herd
▪ Minimal Disease
how are sows and guilts mated
▪ Sows and gilts are mated using either natural
service or artificial insemination.
▪ Almost exclusively fresh semen as boar semen
does not freeze very well.
what are signs of heat in a pig
▪ Swollen vulva
▪ Nervousness
▪ Mucus discharge
▪ Off-Feed