Anatomy and physiology- Reproduction (male) Flashcards
what are some now ways of genetic improvement
genetic selection
Al
embryo transfer
what is the biochemical process of different organs for reproduction
-endocrine gland produces hormones
-target organ
-hormonal interaction
-proper physiological function
what is the complex biochemical process of different organs influenced by
-nutrition and genetics
-stress
-external environment
-disease
what is the role of the male in reporduction
-produce numbers if viable spermatozoa
-deliver sperm to the proper place in female reproductive tract at the proper time
-provides 50% of the genetic make up and determines the gender of the offspring (X or Y chromosome)
what are the testicles
-primary male sex organ
-located outside the body
what are the functions of the testicles
-produce sperm cells to fertilize the eggs of the female
-produce the male hormone testosterone
what is the scrotum
-sack which contains the testicles
-regulates testicular temperature
-adjusting the distance between the testicles and the bodys warmth (4-5celcus lower)
how should the testicles be within the scrotum
-symmetrical
-movable
what is the inguinal canal
prevents testicles form going back into the body cavity and viscera form entering the scrotum (scrotal hernia)
what is a cryptorchid? what are the different classifications?
when one or both testicles may fail to desend into scrotum
-unilateral= animal is usually fertile because one is out
-bilateral = sterile
what are the seminiferous tubules
-tubular structures within the testicles where sperm cells develop
-they produce, store, maintain sperm
where are the leydig cells found
adjacent to seminiferous tubules
what do the leydig cells do
-produce male sex hormone testosterone (affects libido)
-under control of luteinizing hormone (LH; pituitary gland)
what is the epididymis
-coiled tube in each testis
-storage site for sperm prior to ejaculation
-sperm maturation also occurs in epididymis
what are the vas deferens
long tubular structures that transport sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
what are the secondary sex glands
-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-cowpers gland
what does the seminal vesicle do
produces fluid that neutralizes urine residue and adds volume
what does the prostate gland do
-provides sperm nutrients
-seminal fluid; enzymes, minerals, citric acid
what does the cowpers gland do
secretes gel which forms cervical plug
what are the male reproduction organs
-urethra
-penis
what is the urethra
tube which runs through the penis and provides an exit for semen and urine
what is the penis
the organ of copulation
what is contained in the acrosome of the sperm
enzymes for penetration of the egg
what are some physical examinations that should be done for the soundness of a breeding male
-body condition score
-general physical examination (feet, legs, eyes, and sheath)
-palpation of internal genitalia
-palpation of testes
-scrotal measurement- induction of testes weight and sperm production (standards depending on breed and age)
what are some evaluations that should be done on semen for the soundness of a breeding male
-volume
-sperm concentration
-sperm motility
-sperm morphology
-presents of other cells (red or white blood cells, epithelial cells, underdeveloped spermatozoa)
what are the three accepted ways to casterate
-surgical
-elastrator
-burdizzo
what things must line up for a successful breeding
-physiological compatibility between male and female
-female must accept the male in the act of mating
-male must be able to deliver sperm to the proper site of reproduction tract
-synchronization in necessary because life of ovum and sperm are limited to a few hours
