Anatomy and physiology- Reproduction (male)

Question 1

what are some now ways of genetic improvement

Answer 1

genetic selection
Al
embryo transfer

Question 2

what is the biochemical process of different organs for reproduction

Answer 2

-endocrine gland produces hormones
-target organ
-hormonal interaction
-proper physiological function

Question 3

what is the complex biochemical process of different organs influenced by

Answer 3

-nutrition and genetics
-stress
-external environment
-disease

Question 4

what is the role of the male in reporduction

Answer 4

-produce numbers if viable spermatozoa
-deliver sperm to the proper place in female reproductive tract at the proper time
-provides 50% of the genetic make up and determines the gender of the offspring (X or Y chromosome)

Question 5

what are the testicles

Answer 5

-primary male sex organ
-located outside the body

Question 6

what are the functions of the testicles

Answer 6

-produce sperm cells to fertilize the eggs of the female
-produce the male hormone testosterone

Question 7

what is the scrotum

Answer 7

-sack which contains the testicles
-regulates testicular temperature
-adjusting the distance between the testicles and the bodys warmth (4-5celcus lower)

Question 8

how should the testicles be within the scrotum

Answer 8

-symmetrical
-movable

Question 9

what is the inguinal canal

Answer 9

prevents testicles form going back into the body cavity and viscera form entering the scrotum (scrotal hernia)

Question 10

what is a cryptorchid? what are the different classifications?

Answer 10

when one or both testicles may fail to desend into scrotum

-unilateral= animal is usually fertile because one is out

-bilateral = sterile

Question 11

what are the seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

-tubular structures within the testicles where sperm cells develop
-they produce, store, maintain sperm

Question 12

where are the leydig cells found

Answer 12

adjacent to seminiferous tubules

Question 13

what do the leydig cells do

Answer 13

-produce male sex hormone testosterone (affects libido)
-under control of luteinizing hormone (LH; pituitary gland)

Question 14

what is the epididymis

Answer 14

-coiled tube in each testis
-storage site for sperm prior to ejaculation
-sperm maturation also occurs in epididymis

Question 15

what are the vas deferens

Answer 15

long tubular structures that transport sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Question 16

what are the secondary sex glands

Answer 16

-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-cowpers gland

Question 17

what does the seminal vesicle do

Answer 17

produces fluid that neutralizes urine residue and adds volume

Question 18

what does the prostate gland do

Answer 18

-provides sperm nutrients
-seminal fluid; enzymes, minerals, citric acid

Question 19

what does the cowpers gland do

Answer 19

secretes gel which forms cervical plug

Question 20

what are the male reproduction organs

Answer 20

-urethra
-penis

Question 21

what is the urethra

Answer 21

tube which runs through the penis and provides an exit for semen and urine

Question 22

what is the penis

Answer 22

the organ of copulation

Question 23

what is contained in the acrosome of the sperm

Answer 23

enzymes for penetration of the egg

Question 24

what are some physical examinations that should be done for the soundness of a breeding male

Answer 24

-body condition score
-general physical examination (feet, legs, eyes, and sheath)
-palpation of internal genitalia
-palpation of testes
-scrotal measurement- induction of testes weight and sperm production (standards depending on breed and age)

Question 25

what are some evaluations that should be done on semen for the soundness of a breeding male

Answer 25

-volume
-sperm concentration
-sperm motility
-sperm morphology
-presents of other cells (red or white blood cells, epithelial cells, underdeveloped spermatozoa)

Question 26

what are the three accepted ways to casterate

Answer 26

-surgical
-elastrator
-burdizzo

Question 27

what things must line up for a successful breeding

Answer 27

-physiological compatibility between male and female
-female must accept the male in the act of mating
-male must be able to deliver sperm to the proper site of reproduction tract
-synchronization in necessary because life of ovum and sperm are limited to a few hours