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ANSC 212 > Sheep and goat production > Flashcards

Sheep and goat production Flashcards

1
Q

what is the estrous cycle of goats and sheep

A

17-18 days

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2
Q

what is the gestation of goats and sheep

A

147 (5 months)

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3
Q

what is the kingdom of goats and sheep

A

animalia

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4
Q

what is the phylum of goats and sheep

A

chordata

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5
Q

what is the class of goats and sheep

A

mammalia

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6
Q

what is the super order of goats and sheep

A

ungulatea

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7
Q

what is the order of goats and sheep

A

artiodactyla

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8
Q

what is the sub order of goats and sheep

A

ruminantia

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9
Q

what is the family of goats and sheep

A

bovidae

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10
Q

what is the subfamily of goats and sheep

A

carprinae

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11
Q

what is the genus of sheep

A

ovis

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12
Q

what is the genus of goats

A

carpra

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13
Q

what is the species of sheep

A

aries

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14
Q

what is the species of goats

A

aegagrus

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15
Q

what is the subspecies of goats

A

hircus

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16
Q

how man sheep are in canada

A

1,000,000 total sheep
500,000 ewes

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17
Q

where are most sheep found

A

ontario, quebec (where we are seeing growth aswell)

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18
Q

semi confinement lamb production

A

-lambing december-april (easter)
-labor and housing req can be quite high during lambing
-quality feed is required for lactating ewes in winter
-pasture and fence req for summer grazing
-typically more lambs marketed per ewe than grass based production
-target more prolific breeders (1.7)

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19
Q

anestrous

A

-seasonal breeders
-most prolific coming into estrous with out synthetic hormones

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20
Q

how big are lambs when born

A

~4kg

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21
Q

what is the higest energy requirement and lowest for ewes

A

-goes up after lambing, highest early lactaion(one month post lamb) then goes down
-lowest after late lactation (4 months post lambing) until bred (7 month post labing)

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22
Q

grass based lambing production model

A

-lambing may/june
-breed selection important
-labor req lower
-housing requirements are reduced because of climate at lambing and more time spent on pasture
-more land req as pasture needs are highter
-lower number of lambs are typically marketed per ewe (bec of breed selection, frequency of lambing)

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23
Q

intensive accelerated lambing

A

Ø 3 lambing in 2 years, jug lambing
Ø Lambing variable throughout the year
Ø Breed selection is important
Ø Labour and housing requirements can be quite high
Ø Pasture and fencing needs are low
Ø Intensive management is required
Ø Nutrition is vital to success
Ø Typically more lambs marketed per ewe

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24
Q

what happens with accelerated lambing

A

My assumptions:
-Lambing event every 8 months
-5 month gestation
-2 month lactation
-1 month breeding
Lamb survival is key!
>200% lambing at each event
Greater emphasis on nutrition

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25
Q

sheep products

A

meat
wool
milk

26
Q

how many sheep breeds

A

appx 200

27
Q

meat breeds

A

Suffolk, Hampshire, Canadian Arcott, Dorset …

28
Q

wool breeds

A

merino

29
Q

hair breeds

A

karahdin, dorper

30
Q

milk breeds

A

east friesian dairy

31
Q

dual purpose meat and wool

A

Rambouillet, Romney, Columbia

32
Q

dual purpose meat and milk

A

rideau arcott

33
Q

lambing dress percentage and things its affected by

A

Carcass weight / live weight x 100% Dressing Percentage is affected by
* Pelt weight
* Heavily muscled lambs
* Fatness – visceral fat
§ Extreme Range - 40-60%
§ Normal Range - 45-57%
§ Average - 52% (shorn lambs)
§ Average unshorn – 50%
Carcass weight / live weight x 100%

34
Q

assessing carcass sheep

A

§ Muscling
* Breed selection
* Management
* Nutrition
§ Fat depth and colour
* Breed
* Age
* Nutrition

35
Q

wool

A

§ Sheep are shorn once per year
* Fine
* Course
* Crossbred
§ Decline due to synthetic fiber’s
§ Qualities
* Warm even when wet
* Not flammable
§ All sheep have hair and wool
* Hair sheep have more hair fibers
and shed their coats annually

36
Q

what makes wool different form hair

A

has no centrial cortex

37
Q

properties of wool

A

§ Water repelling – wax content of epicuticle and keratin content
of cuticle
§ Moisture retaining – wicks water away but holds moisture
content – keeps you dry!
§ Insulating
§ Felts
§ Retains die color due to fat within cortex
§ Fire resistant

38
Q

where is wool sold

A

-privately
-only one commercial purchaser in canada (canadian cooperative wool growers

39
Q

how is wool graded based off of

A

-fibre diameter
-staple length
-staple strength

40
Q

sheep skin

A

§ With wool (Shearling)
* Clothing
* Rugs
* Car seat covers, mattress covers

§ With wool removed (Napa)
§ Specialized pelt sheep
* Karakul breed -> Astrakhan or Persian lamb
* Skins harvested from lambs soon after birth
* Coloured pelts (gray or black)

41
Q

sheep meat

A

lamb, mutton

42
Q

sheep milk

A

-home consumption (africa, asia)
-major product (mediterranean)
-cheese (feta, roquefort)

43
Q

how do you reduce the risk of predation

A

q Dead Stock Management
q Guardian animals
q Knowledge of coyote behavior
q Management practices: night penning, fencing, noise and light
deterrents.
q Check stock regularly, recognize predation issues and get help
early.
q Avoid risk as much as possible: lambing during high-risk
seasons, high risk pastures, maintain definite breeding seasons,
compromised animals on pasture.

44
Q

birth weight, wean age, wean weight of goats

A

-2.7-4kg
-90-120days
-16-27kg

45
Q

what kind of eaters are goats and sheep

A

-goat are intermediate types
-sheep are grass/roughage

46
Q

phenotypic differents of sheep and goats

A

§ Short upturned tail
§ Most goats horned
§ ‘Most’ sheep polled
§ Horn position differs
* Closer together, upwards and backwards
* Sheep grow out of side of head and coil
§ Shape of head narrower
§ Beards
§ Hair vs wool

47
Q

goat products

A

§ Meat
* Cabrito – meat from a milk-raised kid
* Chevon (usually goats from 6-9 mo of age (22-27 kg)
§ Horns
§ Hides
* Parchment
* Wine and water skins
§ Fibre
* Cashmere – clothes
* Hair – carpets, clothes
* Mohair – clothes, blanket/throws
§ Labour – light pack animals
§ Milk – fermented products and cheese store better

48
Q

how many goats are slaughtered in fed inspected plants in western canada

A

`~14,000

49
Q

average dressing percentage of goat

A

45%

50
Q

meat breed goat

A

Boer
Africander = Afrikaner = South African common goat
Boer (Dutch word for farmer)
Horned
Lop ears
variety of colours
extended breeding season
high growth rate
canada second most common breed (including dairy)

51
Q

top countries for goat milk produciton

A

-india
-bangladash
-sudan

52
Q

global goat milk production a year

A

15,510,411 tonne/year
~2.2% of global milk produciton

53
Q

where do most goats in canada live

A

-50% ont
-17% QC
-13% ab
-6%bc

54
Q

why goat milk

A

Goat milk:
-Well emulsified fat
globules
-Used for cheese, butter,
yogurt, ice cream
-Feta, Bucheron,
Chavroux, Humboldt Fog,
etc.
Sheep Milk:
Feta, Ricotta, Pecorino
Romano, and Roquefort.
Yogurt and ice cream.

55
Q

off goat milk flavour

A

§ Billy goats secrete volatile compounds from sebaceous
glands at the base of the horns.
§ 6-trans nonenal is one of the main compounds.
§ This compound may be taken up by milk directly or
indirectly and results in unpalatable milk.
§ 4-thyl octanoic acid and 4-thyl oct-2 enoic acid are
other “goaty” odors.

56
Q

sheep and goat milk flavour

A

§ Goat and sheep milk contain higher levels of C6:0, C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids than cow milk. These fatty acids provide a “sharper” taste and other characteristic flavors to milk and cheese.
§ Octanoic acid, (C8:0, caprylic acid) based compounds produce thegoat-like and mutton-like flavors.

57
Q

dairy goat breeds

A

§ Alpine (2396 lbs milk, 3.3% fat,
and 2.8% CP)
§ Saanen (2545 lbs milk, 3.2% fat,
and 2.8% protein)
§ Toggenburg (2047 lbs milk,
3.0% fat, and 2.7% CP)
§ Nubian (1835 lbs milk, 4.6% fat,
and 3.7% CP)

58
Q

fibre breeds of goats

A

Fibre breeds of goat
Angora
Very old breed

MOHAIR
2.25 kg per shearing
shorn twice per year

Cashmere
Asia
Dual purpose fibre and meat
Cashmere: very fine,
crimpy soft down $$$
Guard hairs on top
Horn – wide
Different colours

59
Q

horns in goats

A

Horns – both sexes
males have a pronounced spiral to horn
Small frame
Single kid/offspring

60
Q

disbudding kids

A

Destroys horn cells to prevent horns from growing
Within first one or two weeks of life
Mainly dairy breeds are disbudded (intensively raised)
Why
human and other animal safety
more likely to get their heads stuck
Afterwards heat cannot be dispersed

ANSC 212 (34 decks)

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