Anatomy and physiology- external body systems

Question 1

what are systems

Answer 1

when several organs work together to accomplish a common function

Question 2

what are the 11 systems of the body

Answer 2

external body parts
skeletal system
circulatory
respiratory
urinary
digestive
reproductive
nervous
endocrine
immune

Question 3

what are some external body parts

Answer 3

skin, pelage (wool, fur/hair, feathers), hooves, claws, horns, combs or wattles

Question 4

what are the functions of the skin

Answer 4

-protects against infection (physical barrier; innate immunity)
-temperature regulation (sweat glands)
-monitors environmental changes (nerves)

Question 5

what are the two types of glands that can be found on the skin

Answer 5

-sweat glands (cooling)
-sebaceous glands (oily substances ie. lanolin in sheep

Question 6

what is the function of sebaceous glands

Answer 6

lubricates skin, protection, impervious to moisture

Question 7

what are the skin layers

Answer 7

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

Question 8

what is found in the epidermis layer of skin

Answer 8

outer epithelial cells, no blood cells

Question 9

what is found in the dermis layer of skin

Answer 9

inner layer, connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, glans

Question 10

what if found in the underneath dermis layer of skin

Answer 10

sub-cutaneous adipose tissue (fatty tissue)

Question 11

what is fur, wool, horns, feathers, and hooves

Answer 11

modified appendages of skin

Question 12

what are the body coverings for poultry

Answer 12

feathers

Question 13

how does the molting process work

Answer 13

in nature hens shed feathers in late summer and grow new ones in winter

Question 14

what is forced molting

Answer 14

using altered light durations to bring an older flock back into lay

Question 15

what is split or divided hooves called

Answer 15

cloven hooves

Question 16

what do animals use horns for

Answer 16

they are primarily used for defence but can also be used for temperature regulation

Question 17

antlers vs horns: what animals are they found on

Answer 17

A: deer, moose, elk, raindeer, caribou
H: cattle, sheep, goats, bison

Question 18

antlers vs horns: what gender are they found on

Answer 18

A: only on males (except raindeer)
H: may be found on both, usually smaller on females

Question 19

antlers vs horns: temporary or permeant

Answer 19

A: grown and shed every year
H: never shed, continue growing

Question 20

antlers vs horns: what are they made of

Answer 20

A: made of bone, covered by velvet which is shed when stop growing
H: have boney centre, covered by keratin (same material as hair and nails)

Question 21

antlers vs horns: how are they connected to the head

Answer 21

A: part of animals skull
H: attached to skull with connective tissue

Question 22

what are combs and wattles used for

Answer 22

primary found in poultry and decorative to attract female