Anatomy and physiology- external body systems Flashcards
what are systems
when several organs work together to accomplish a common function
what are the 11 systems of the body
external body parts
skeletal system
circulatory
respiratory
urinary
digestive
reproductive
nervous
endocrine
immune
what are some external body parts
skin, pelage (wool, fur/hair, feathers), hooves, claws, horns, combs or wattles
what are the functions of the skin
-protects against infection (physical barrier; innate immunity)
-temperature regulation (sweat glands)
-monitors environmental changes (nerves)
what are the two types of glands that can be found on the skin
-sweat glands (cooling)
-sebaceous glands (oily substances ie. lanolin in sheep
what is the function of sebaceous glands
lubricates skin, protection, impervious to moisture
what are the skin layers
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
what is found in the epidermis layer of skin
outer epithelial cells, no blood cells
what is found in the dermis layer of skin
inner layer, connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, glans
what if found in the underneath dermis layer of skin
sub-cutaneous adipose tissue (fatty tissue)
what is fur, wool, horns, feathers, and hooves
modified appendages of skin
what are the body coverings for poultry
feathers
how does the molting process work
in nature hens shed feathers in late summer and grow new ones in winter
what is forced molting
using altered light durations to bring an older flock back into lay
what is split or divided hooves called
cloven hooves
what do animals use horns for
they are primarily used for defence but can also be used for temperature regulation
antlers vs horns: what animals are they found on
A: deer, moose, elk, raindeer, caribou
H: cattle, sheep, goats, bison
antlers vs horns: what gender are they found on
A: only on males (except raindeer)
H: may be found on both, usually smaller on females
antlers vs horns: temporary or permeant
A: grown and shed every year
H: never shed, continue growing
antlers vs horns: what are they made of
A: made of bone, covered by velvet which is shed when stop growing
H: have boney centre, covered by keratin (same material as hair and nails)
antlers vs horns: how are they connected to the head
A: part of animals skull
H: attached to skull with connective tissue
what are combs and wattles used for
primary found in poultry and decorative to attract female
