Superficial Head

Question 1

muscles of the scalp and face develop from…

Answer 1

mesoderm of 2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 2

all facial muscles receive motor innervation from the ____

Answer 2

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

all facial muscles are involved in ____

Answer 3

facial expression

Question 4

name the 5 smiling muscles

Answer 4

• levator labii superioris
• zygomaticus major
• levator anguli oris
• risoris
• orbicularis oculi (palpebral, orbital, lacrimal)

Question 5

name the 7 frowning muscles

Answer 5

• depressor labii inferioris
• depressor anguli oris
• platysma
• orbicularis oris
• corrugator supercilli
• procerus
• mentalis

Question 6

which muscle is known as the “Elvis muscle?”

Answer 6

nasalis

Question 7

the nasalis muscle joins with what other muscle?

Answer 7

levator labii superioris alaque nasii

Question 8

the masseter muscle is innervated by ____

Answer 8

CN V3

Question 9

what is the name of the soft tissue opening for the eye?

Answer 9

palpebral fissure

Question 10

what is the sphincter of the palpebral fissure?

Answer 10

orbicularis oculi

Question 11

what are the dilator muscles of the palpebral fissure?

Answer 11

• levator palpebrae superioris
• occipitofrontalis (ant= frontalis; post= occipitalis)

Question 12

what is the sphincter muscle of the oral fissure?

Answer 12

orbicularis oris

Question 13

what are the dilator muscles of the oral fissure?

Answer 13

all mm of oral movement except mentalis

Question 14

name 6 structures of the parotid region

Answer 14

• parotid gland
• parotid duct
• parotid plexus of CN VII
• retromandibular v
• external carotid a
• masseter m

Question 15

name the 3 salivary glands

Answer 15

• parotid
• submandibular
• sublingual

Question 16

what are the functions of saliva?

Answer 16

• maintain moist environment for oral mucosa
• lubrication during chewing
• digest and break down of starches
• prevent tooth decay/maintenance of biofilm

Question 17

what is the largest salivary gland?

Answer 17

parotid gland

Question 18

where is the parotid gland located?

Answer 18

anteroinferior to external acoustic meatus

Question 19

the parotid sheath/capsule is derived from…

Answer 19

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 20

what ligament holds the styloid process in place?

Answer 20

stylomandibular ligament

Question 21

location of parotid duct

Answer 21

• runs horizontally w buccal n from ant of gland
• pierces buccinator
• enters oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar

Question 22

name the motor branches of the facial nerve

Answer 22

• posterior auricular
• temporal*
• zygomatic*
• buccal*
• marginal mandibular*
• cervical*
  (*parotid plexus)

Question 23

what nerve provides sensory innervation to the face?

Answer 23

trigeminal n

Question 24

name the branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 24

• ophthalmic (V1)
• maxillary (V2)
• mandibular (V3)

Question 25

name the branches of the ophthalmic nerve

Answer 25

- supraorbital n - supratrochlear n

Question 26

the infraorbital nerve branches from the ____

Answer 26

maxillary n (V2)

Question 27

name the branches of the mandibular nerve

Answer 27

- auriculotemporal n - mental n - buccal n

Question 28

which branch of the trigeminal nerve has sensory and motor fibers?

Answer 28

mandibular (V3)

Question 29

what innervation does CN VII provide to the parotid gland

Answer 29

none

Question 30

parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

Answer 30

auriculotemporal n (V3) from otic ganglion (CN IX)

Question 31

sympathetic innervation of parotid gland

Answer 31

external carotid plexus

Question 32

sensory innervation of parotid gland

Answer 32

- auriculotemporal n - great auricular n

Question 33

arterial supply of the face

Answer 33

- facial a - superficial temporal a

Question 34

the facial artery is a branch of the ____

Answer 34

external carotid a

Question 35

name the branches of the facial artery

Answer 35

- inferior labial a - superior labial a - angular a

Question 36

the superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of the ____

Answer 36

external carotid a

Question 37

venous supply of the face

Answer 37

- facial v - retromandibular v

Question 38

the facial vein communicates with the ____ and drains into the ____

Answer 38

- superior ophthalmic v - cavernous sinus

Question 39

what forms the retromandibular vein?

Answer 39

union of superficial temporal & maxillary vv

Question 40

the retromandibular vein divides into ____ and ____ divisions

Answer 40

anterior and posterior

Question 41

what forms the common facial vein?

Answer 41

anterior division of retromandibular v + facial v

Question 42

the common facial vein drains into the ____

Answer 42

internal jugular v

Question 43

what forms the external jugular vein?

Answer 43

posterior division of retromandibular v + posterior auricular v

Question 44

what venous communication in the face has potential for spread of infection?

Answer 44

facial v (no valves) + cavernous sinus = danger triangle of the face

Question 45

lymphatic drainage of the face

Answer 45

superficial ring (pericervical collar) of lymph nodes: - submental - submandibular - parotid - mastoid - occipital

Question 46

superficial lymph vessels of the face follow ____

Answer 46

veins

Question 47

deep lymph vessels of the face follow ____

Answer 47

arteries

Question 48

all lymph from the face drain into ____ along the ____

Answer 48

deep cervical lymph nodes internal jugular v

Question 49

drainage pathways between the facial vein and what structure can lead to spread of infection through lacerations or squeezing pustules (pimples)?

Answer 49

cavernous sinuses

Question 50

which muscle is recruited to pucker the lips or dilate the mouth?

Answer 50

orbicularis oris